College of Natural and Computational Sciences

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The College of Natural and Computational Sciences advances education, research, and innovation in natural sciences, mathematics, statistics, and computational disciplines.

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CARBON NANOTUBES
(USA, 1996) MORINUBO END0; SUM10 IIJIMA; MILDRED S. DRESSELHAUS
Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture Theory and Technique
(New York, 1998) Jennie P. Mather; Penelope E. Roberts
Applied Dairy Microbiology
(Hawassa University, 2001) Elmer H. Marth; James L. Steele
The Application of Biotechnology to Industrial Sustainability
(OECD, 2001)
The Application of Biotechnology to Industrial Sustainability
(OECD, 2001)
Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
(Wiley-VCH, 2002) Heinrich Klefenz
Modern industrial microbiology and bitechnology
(USA, 2007) Nduka Okafor
Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology
(Taylor & Francis, 2012) E.M.T. El-Mansi • C.F.A. Bryce •; B. Dahhou S. Sanchez •; A.L. Demain • A.R. Allman
UPSTREAM INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(United States of America, 2013) MICHAEL C. FLICKINGER
A Laboratory Course in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Gérrard Eddy Jai Poinern
DEGENERATE SQUEEZED LIGHT WITH COHERENT AND THERMAL LIGHTS
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2017-11) KASU ABEBE BELAY
The squeezing and statistical properties of the light produced by the degenerate threelevel laser whose cavity contains nonlinear crystal generating squeezed light and the cavity mode is driven by coherent light and coupled to thermal reservoir have been studied and applying c-number expectation value of the cavity mode variables associated with the normal ordering at steady state, the quadrature variances, squeezing and the mean and variance of the photon number have been determined. It is found that the effect of the thermal reservoir is to increase the mean photon number and decreases the quadrature squeezing. The presence of nonlinear crystal in the cavity increases both the mean photon number and the quadrature squeezing.
EFFECT OF EIGHT WEEKS HIHG INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES IN UNDER- 17 MALE FOOTBALL PROJECT TRAINEES IN KOREM HAWASSA CITY ADMINISTRATION
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2022-11) TESFAYE DEA MADEBO
The main purpose of the study was to assess the effects of eight weeks high intensity interval training on physical fitness variables in U-17 male football project trainees in Korem Hawasa city administration. For this study, the experimental research design was employed and the researcher randomly assigned a total of 30 U-17 football players in both control and experimental groups of study. A total of 15 players were assigned to each of the groups. To achieve the objective of assessing the effect of interval training on physical fitness, players were regularly participated in the training program for eight consecutive weeks of time working for three days per week. The researcher used speed, agility, power and strength types of physical fitness variables. For this study the data was taken from pre-test and post-test and, which was analyzed by using SPSS software of version 25. For the method of analysis, the researcher applied a paired sample t-test, two sample independent t-test and correlation tests to assess the mean difference in pre and post-test as well as to assess the mean difference of physical fitness between control and experiment groups. Generally, the interval trainings (a 30-m run test, Illinois agility run test, vertical high jump test and Wall Squat test) that were given for eight consecutive weeks were found to significantly improves the speed, agility, power and strength of the football players who were assigned to the intervention (experiment) group (p < 0.05). The researcher would like to recommend that interval training exercises should be included in all trainings session that involve the development of physical fitness components for demanding the physical challenges of sport everywhere in order to create physically fit generation
WET COFFEE PROCESSING AGRO-INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT POTENTIAL OF CONSTRUCTED AND NATURAL WETLANDS : THE CASE OF KEGE PROCESSING PLANT IN SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-03) YOHANNES SEIFU BEREGO
Constructed wetlands are engineered to use natural processes to remove pollutants from contaminated water in a more controlled environment, using phytoremediators for effective wastewater treatment.The aim of this study was to establish the coffee berries processing AgroIndustry Wastewater Treatment Potential of Constructed and Natural Wetlands.The finding indicates that calcium had the highest concentration (1355±18.02mg kg-1 ) of macro elements in soil samples (from the farmland), followed by K (681.43±1.52mg kg-1 ). Similarly, Na (111.63±0.35 mg kg-1 ), Cu (49.96±0.99mg kg-1 ), Co (5.43±0.31 mg kg-1 ), Mn (0.62±0.238mg kg1 ), Ni (0.194±0.01mg kg-1 ), and Zn (0.163±0.007mg kg-1 ) were detected among the microelements in soil samples (from farmland). Pb and Cr were not detected in all soil samples (from farmland). Potassium (K) was found to have the highest concentration (99.93±0.037mg kg1 ) followed by Ca (17.23± 0.36 mg kg-1 ) among the macro elements in coffee beans from farmers’ farms. Like coffee beans from farmland, samples from washing plants also contained the highest K (77.93±0.115mg kg-1 ), followed by Ca (4.33±0.035 mg kg-1 ). Metal levels in coffee bean samples from farmland are in the following order: K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Ni>Zn. Metal levels were found to be K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Zn>Ni in coffee beans from the washing plants. Co, Cr, Pb and Cd were not detection in all coffee bean samples. Except for calcium, potassium and manganese, the levels of metals in coffee beans from farmland and washing plants were not significantly different at a 95% confidence level within a kebele. Findings indicated that a natural wetland had a mean influent and effluent of total suspended solids (TSS) of 2190.78±448.46 mg/L and 972.67±234.312mg/L, respectively. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed that TSS was significantly higher in the natural wetland (median =1551.50) compared to constructed wetland (median =922.5), U =676.5, z=-2.435, p=0.015, r=0.257. Natural wetlands had a mean influent of biological oxygen demand (BOD) was 4277.94±157.02mg/L, while in the effluent the BOD it was 326.83±112.24 mg/L. In constructed wetland it was 4192.4±191.3mg/L, 782.72±507.6mg/L and 88.28±20.08mg/L in influent, middle and effluent respectively. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) value at influent in natural wetlands was 8085.61±536.99 mg/L and in the effluent it was 675.33±201.4mg/L. In the constructed wetland, it was found to be 8409.8±592.9, 1372.6± 387.94, and 249.0± 7.68 for influent, middle and effluent respectively. Comparatively, the purification efficiency of organic pollutants (TSS, BOD, and COD) of constructed wetlands was better than natural wetlands, whereas natural xvii wetlands had better purification efficiency of nitrogen compounds such as ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate. On average, removal rates for nitrogen compounds were 39.53% and-24.41% for ammonium, 79.44% and 55.4 % for nitrite, and 68.90% and 60.6% for nitrate in natural and constructed wetlands respectively, while the phosphate removal rate was 43.17% and 58.7 in natural and constructed wetlands, respectively. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed that there is no significance difference in nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate concentration between natural and constructed wetlands (p >0.05). Findings indicated that Ca (460.0 ppm) had the highest mean concentration of heavy metals, whereas Ni (0.50 ppm) had the lowest in soil samples of constructed wetland. Metal absorption by Vetiver Grass is the highest concentrations found in plant tissues grown in the following order K > Ca > Na > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr in shoots. The order of the heavy metal contents in the roots of vetiver grass was K > Ca > Na > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr. Based on translocation and bioconcentration factors, the plant was found efficient in the translocation of Mn and Ni from roots to shoot, whereas It served as a potential phytostabilizer for Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Na, and Zn since the TF values are lower than 1, which show that vetiver grass prefers to accumulate heavy metals in the roots rather than the shoot and so supports its potential for phytostabilization. From the present study, it was evident that vetiver grass is an ideal candidate for wastewater treatment using constructed wetland technology. Based on these results, both systems of treatment were effective in treating the coffee effluent since most of the values obtained were below the permissible EEPA limits. Even though the constructed wetland treatment plant performed better overall, in comparison, the natural wetlands had better purification efficiency for nitrogen compounds like ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate and the constructed wetlands had better purification efficiency for organic pollutants (TSS, BOD, and COD). We observed permitted levels of macro and trace elements in coffee beans from farmlands and washing plants. Only in the soil samples, cadmium concentrations are higher than those permitted for agricultural soil recommended by WHO and FAO. Overall, there is no health danger linked with the use of coffee beans due to detrimental and trace heavy metals
Extremal Random Forests, Tree-Based Machine Learning Methods and Extreme Value Theory For Vehicle Insurance Data
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-04) EDOSSA MERGA TEREFE
Classical methods for quantile regression fail in cases where the quantile of interest is extreme and only few or no training data points exceed it. Asymptotic results from extreme value theory can be used to extrapolate beyond the range of the data, and several approaches exist that use linear regression, kernel methods or generalized additive models. Most of these methods break down if the predictor space has more than a few dimensions or if the regression function of extreme quantiles is complex. We propose a method for extreme quantile regression that combines the flexibility of random forests with the theory of extrapolation. Our extremal random forest (ERF) estimates the parameters of a generalized Pareto distribution, conditional on the predictor vector, by maximizing a local likelihood with weights extracted from a quantile random forest. Under certain assumptions, we show consistency of the estimated parameters. Furthermore, we penalize the shape parameter in this likelihood to regularize its variability in the predictor space. Simulation studies show that our ERF outperforms both classical quantile regression methods and existing regression approaches from extreme value theory. We apply our methodology to extreme quantile prediction for U.S. wage data.
WET COFFEE PROCESSING AGRO-INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT POTENTIAL OF CONSTRUCTED AND NATURAL WETLAND : THE CASE OF KEGE PROCESSING PLANT IN SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-05) YOHANNES SEIFU BEREGO
Constructed wetlands are engineered to use natural processes to remove pollutants from contaminated water in a more controlled environment, using phytoremediators for effective wastewater treatment.The aim of this study was to establish the coffee berries processing AgroIndustry Wastewater Treatment Potential of Constructed and Natural Wetlands.The finding indicates that calcium had the highest concentration (1355±18.02mg kg-1 ) of macro elements in soil samples (from the farmland), followed by K (681.43±1.52mg kg-1 ). Similarly, Na (111.63±0.35 mg kg-1 ), Cu (49.96±0.99mg kg-1 ), Co (5.43±0.31 mg kg-1 ), Mn (0.62±0.238mg kg1 ), Ni (0.194±0.01mg kg-1 ), and Zn (0.163±0.007mg kg-1 ) were detected among the microelements in soil samples (from farmland). Pb and Cr were not detected in all soil samples (from farmland). Potassium (K) was found to have the highest concentration (99.93±0.037mg kg1 ) followed by Ca (17.23± 0.36 mg kg-1 ) among the macro elements in coffee beans from farmers’ farms. Like coffee beans from farmland, samples from washing plants also contained the highest K (77.93±0.115mg kg-1 ), followed by Ca (4.33±0.035 mg kg-1 ). Metal levels in coffee bean samples from farmland are in the following order: K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Ni>Zn. Metal levels were found to be K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Zn>Ni in coffee beans from the washing plants. Co, Cr, Pb and Cd were not detection in all coffee bean samples. Except for calcium, potassium and manganese, the levels of metals in coffee beans from farmland and washing plants were not significantly different at a 95% confidence level within a kebele. Findings indicated that a natural wetland had a mean influent and effluent of total suspended solids (TSS) of 2190.78±448.46 mg/L and 972.67±234.312mg/L, respectively. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed that TSS was significantly higher in the natural wetland (median =1551.50) compared to constructed wetland (median =922.5), U =676.5, z=-2.435, p=0.015, r=0.257. Natural wetlands had a mean influent of biological oxygen demand (BOD) was 4277.94±157.02mg/L, while in the effluent the BOD it was 326.83±112.24 mg/L. In constructed wetland it was 4192.4±191.3mg/L, 782.72±507.6mg/L and 88.28±20.08mg/L in influent, middle and effluent respectively. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) value at influent in natural wetlands was 8085.61±536.99 mg/L and in the effluent it was 675.33±201.4mg/L. In the constructed wetland, it was found to be 8409.8±592.9, 1372.6± 387.94, and 249.0± 7.68 for influent, middle and effluent respectively. Comparatively, the purification efficiency of organic pollutants (TSS, BOD, and COD) of constructed wetlands was better than natural wetlands, whereas natural xvii wetlands had better purification efficiency of nitrogen compounds such as ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate. On average, removal rates for nitrogen compounds were 39.53% and-24.41% for ammonium, 79.44% and 55.4 % for nitrite, and 68.90% and 60.6% for nitrate in natural and constructed wetlands respectively, while the phosphate removal rate was 43.17% and 58.7 in natural and constructed wetlands, respectively. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed that there is no significance difference in nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate concentration between natural and constructed wetlands (p >0.05). Findings indicated that Ca (460.0 ppm) had the highest mean concentration of heavy metals, whereas Ni (0.50 ppm) had the lowest in soil samples of constructed wetland. Metal absorption by Vetiver Grass is the highest concentrations found in plant tissues grown in the following order K > Ca > Na > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr in shoots. The order of the heavy metal contents in the roots of vetiver grass was K > Ca > Na > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr. Based on translocation and bioconcentration factors, the plant was found efficient in the translocation of Mn and Ni from roots to shoot, whereas It served as a potential phytostabilizer for Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Na, and Zn since the TF values are lower than 1, which show that vetiver grass prefers to accumulate heavy metals in the roots rather than the shoot and so supports its potential for phytostabilization. From the present study, it was evident that vetiver grass is an ideal candidate for wastewater treatment using constructed wetland technology. Based on these results, both systems of treatment were effective in treating the coffee effluent since most of the values obtained were below the permissible EEPA limits. Even though the constructed wetland treatment plant performed better overall, in comparison, the natural wetlands had better purification efficiency for nitrogen compounds like ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate and the constructed wetlands had better purification efficiency for organic pollutants (TSS, BOD, and COD). We observed permitted levels of macro and trace elements in coffee beans from farmlands and washing plants. Only in the soil samples, cadmium concentrations are higher than those permitted for agricultural soil recommended by WHO and FAO. Overall, there is no health danger linked with the use of coffee beans due to detrimental and trace heavy metals.
Extermal Random Forests Tree Based Machine Learning Methods And Extreme Value Theory For Vehicle Insurance Data
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-05) Edossa Merga Terefe
LEVELS AND POSSIBLE RISKS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE LOWER OMO RIVER AND DELTA (L. TURKANA) IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA, INCLUDING AN ASSESSMENT OF SOME OTHER WATER QUALITY FACTORS
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-05) ABIY ANDEMO KOTACHO
Heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments can be biomagnifyied and impact human health through consuming of contaminated water or fish. Human activities in the Omo River and Delta have caused increased heavy metal levels in the freshwater ecosystem, adversely affecting the freshwater quality. Studies have shown higher levels of heavy metals in Lake Turkana freshwater ecosystem including in the fish tissues and water on the Kenyan side, but information gaps exist on the Ethiopian side. Commercially exploited fish species, such as Lates niloticus (Nile perch) and Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia), may accumulate heavy metals from the freshwater, leading to health risks in humans. Apparently, no study has been reported on the water quality status of the freshwater ecosystem of the Lower Omo Basin especially with respect to heavy metals. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the levels and possible risks of the nine heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) including an assessment of some other water quality factors from from the Lower Omo River and Delta (L. Turkana) in southern Ethiopia. Surface water, surface sediment, irrigated soil, and two fish species (L. niloticus and O. niloticus) of the freshwater ecosystems were examined for heavy metals. The study was carried out at the Lower Omo River Basin near Omorate town and the Omo Delta where River Omo joins Lake Turkana. To assess the levels of heavy metals and the water quality from this freshwater ecosystem, thirty sampling points were taken of which 15 sampling points were designed to represent the River water and 15 the Delta. About 120 fish samples of each of the two fish species (L. niloticus and O. niloticus) were taken. Liver and muscle tissues of the two fish species were analyzed for heavy metals. Sediment samples were also taken from the same sites where the water samples were collected. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of Lower Omo River where irrigation is intensively used. The levels of heavy metals in water; fish tissues, sediment, and soil samples were analyzed with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS, novAA400p). The other water quality parameters were analyzed using the standard methods for each parameter as described in the protocol or guidelines APHA (2017). The analysis was carried out at Arbaminch university in the laboratories of chemistry, water and environmental engineering. XVIII The eight heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Fe) were detected in the different environmental compartments of the freshwater ecosystem from Lower Omo River and Delta. Accordingly, the mean values of the measured heavy metals detected in the River waterin mg/L were 0.439, 0.1, 0.168 , 0.393, 0.318 , 0.007 , 8.926, and 0.06 whereas the respective values for Delta were 0.43, 0.118 , 0.166 , 0.382 , 0.338 , 0.008, 8.684 and 0.064 for Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Fe, and Co respectively. Both the River and Delta water had mean levels of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr) that exceeded WHO's permissible limits for water. The target hazard quotient (THQ) value greater than 1 was examined for Cr, Pb, and Mn both in children and adults through ingestion and dermal route from the River and Delta Water. The CRs for both children and adults via ingestion of the River and Delta water followed the order Cr > Pb. According to the CRI value, both the River and Delta water could be classified as high environmental risk in terms of the detected heavy metals heavy metal levels under consideration. In terms of heavy metal levels of freshwater fish, the Pb level in muscle tissues ranged from 0.597mg kg-1 to 0.890mg kg-1, with a greater value in the Omo Delta sample, which could be attributable to the water character of the Omo River and the Delta. The mean Pb levels in the muscle tissue of O. niloticus in the Omo River and the Delta were above the FAO/WHO recommended limits in the human diet. The high values of Pb could be due to intensive anthropogenic activities like use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers), petrol from fishing boats that contain lead, Car washing, gas/fuel station, solid wastes, and effluents from factories. It’s also possible that heavy rains carried the wastes down; contributing to the greater heavy metal levels of the study area. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) indices were used to assess the noncarcinogenic health hazards associated with the detected heavy metals in children and adults who consumed L. Niloticus and O. niloticus muscle from the Lower Omo River and Delta. In all XIX of the samples tested, the THQs for heavy metals in fish muscle consumed by adults and children were less than one. However, the Hazard Index (HI) for the detected heavy metals for children was larger than one. Pb had the highest THQ levels in both L. niloticus and O. niloticus, while Fe and Ni had the lowest values in O. niloticus muscle and L. niloticus muscle, respectively. In terms of sediment pollution, the mean concentrations of the detected heavy metals in mg/kg in the sediments of River and Delta Lake were respectively 2.947 and 2.904 for (Mn), 0.801 and 0.809 for (Zn), 0.278 and 0.278 for (Cu), 0.437 and 0.434 for (Cr), 0.054 and 0.058 for (Pb), 0.009 and 0.008 for (Ni), 19.553 and 19.515 for (Fe), and 0.236 and 0.223 for (Co). The order of the mean values of the detected heavy metals in the river sediment were Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > Pb > Ni, but in the Delta Lake, the order was Fe > Mn > Zn > Co > Cu >Pb > Cr > Ni. The mean pollution liad index (PLI) values of heavy metals in sediment revealed low metal contamination of the sediment (PLI < 1.0). Thus, the study highlighted the importance of monitoring heavy metal levels in sediments to ensure the safety of the freshwater ecosystem. Regarding the heavy metal level in soil, the mean values of the measured heavy metals in mg/kg in the soil irrigated by the lower Omo River were 4.4 for Mn, 1.142 for Zn, 0.2 for Cu, 0.43 for Cr, 0.424 for Pb, 0.004 for Ni, 23.5 for Fe, and 0.588 for Co. The order of the typical concentrations of heavy metals in soil were Fe > Mn > Zn > Co > Cr > Cu > Ni. The EI results for the detected heavy metals in the soil irrigated by the Lower Omo River in decreasing order were: Fe > Cu > Mn > Pb > Co > Zn > Cr > Ni. Except for Fe, the CFvalue showed a low level of contamination which was less than one. Concerning the other water quality factors, the mean BOD5 levels in the upstream and downstream of this study were 16.268±1.47 mg/L and 16.28 ±1.133 mg/L, respectively. The COD value of the XX river, which is upstream, was higher at 376.06 ± 130.45 mg/L than that of the Lake, which is downstream, at 136.00 ± 41.52 mg/L. Fluoride ion levels in the river were 0.89 ±0.0135, while those in the Lake were 2.026 ±0.064 mg/l on average. The phosphate (PO4-3 ) concentrations in the River and Lake (Delta) were 1.866 ± 0.625 mg/L and 5.108 ± 0.975 mg/L, respectively. The mean NH3 readings of the River and Lake were 0.54 ±0.361 and 1.354 ± 0.655, respectively. The higher values of the water quality factors could be due to anthropogenic activities such as agrochemical use, and domestic wastes. The finding of the water quality index (WQI) also revealed that the water quality status was poor and unsuitable for drinking particularly in the Omo Delta.The Delta Lake’s WQI value was found to be 142.47, which was beyond the threshold value for water quality index and Unsuitable fordrinking
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THE ROOT EXTRACTS OF OTOSTEGIA INTEGRIFOLIA
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-05) FELEKE TIGABIENEH MOGES
Medicinal plants have been the oldest and most widely used system of medicine to treat diseases caused by different pathogens and fight infections worldwide since ancient times. Recently, including in Europe and America, there has been a growing interest in medicinal plants. Traditionally, O. integrifolia leaves have been used in Ethiopia & Eritrea as insecticides, to treat tonsillitis, uvulitis, hypertension, etc. Its roots have also been used as an anthelmintic and for the treatment of lung conditions. Thus, this study was aimed at phytochemical investigation and antibacterial activity evaluation of the root extracts of Otostegia integrifolia. The roots were collected, washed, chopped into pieces, air-dried, ground and extracted successively with CHCl3, CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1 v/v), and CH3OH to obtain 0.4, 3.77, and 1.27 % of crude extracts, respectively. The phytochemical screening test revealed the absence of alkaloids and anthraquinones and the presence of terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, coumarins, carbohydrates, and glycosides in all extracts except phenols, which is absent in CHCl3 extracts. The CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1 v/v) extract was subjected to gradient elution of silica gel column chromatography in n-hexane/EtOAc solvent system. The elution was result in a total of 122 fractions, and fractions 48-51 (FT1) and 59-65 (FT2) had single spots on TLC. Based on the spectral data obtained from IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT-135, the compounds were proposed to be hystroxene-I for FT1 and Angustanoic acid E for FT2. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against two gram positive bacterial strains (S. pyogen (ATCC19615), S. aureus (ATCC25923)) and two gram negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853), E. coli (ATCC25922)) using ampicillin as a positive control, and all showed positive effects. Among FT1 and all the extracts FT2 exhibited the most effective antibacterial activity and the CHCl3 extract showed the least. The 400 μg/ml of isolate FT2 showed comparible effects (11.5, 12, 11, and 10.5 mm) with Ampicillin (13, 14, 12.5, and 12 mm) on S. aureus, S. pyogen, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa respectively
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF TIME TO RECOVERY OF ADIMTTED COVID-19 PATIENTS: IN HAWASSA UNVERCITY REFERAL AND COMPREHENSIV HOSPITAL TEREATMENT CENTER.
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-06) AMANUEL MERDIKYOS NANA
Corona virus is one of the major pathogens that primarily target the human respiratory system, which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has emerged as a global health and economic security threat with an overwhelming growing incidence worldwide. When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease a global public health emergency, different stakeholders stepped up efforts to convince the world that the disease is a serious problem that needs strong containment measures. The main objective of the study is to identify the determinant risk factors for the recovery of corona virus(covid-19) patients. A study population of 826 total Covid-19 Patients that had been treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Referral hospital from September 20, 2013 to January 20, 2014 E.C was included in the study. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate and compare the recovery time of corona virus (covid-19) patients among different categorical characteristics of the patients. We used survival time model to analyze the data. The Weibull regression model better fits the recovery time of corona virus (covid-19) than the exponential, log-logistic model and log-normal model. The result showed that out of a total of 826 corona virus (covid-19) patients considered total recovery are 637(77.12%) recovered from covid-19. From the result severity (HR=0.932, p value=0.014), Co-morbidty(HR=0.89,p-value=0.038), other pains out of covid-19(HR=0.7918, P-value=0.006), shortness of breath (HR=0.83,p-value=0.025), severe headache (HR=0.843, p value=0.034) and Age (HR=0.8948, p-value=0.000) were the significant factors for the corona virus(covid-19) patients using Weibull regression model. The model showed that the major factors that affect the recovery time of corona-virus (covid-19) and see the associations factors among patients. Patient’s comorbidities have a major impact on CVID-19; So, health profession should close follow up is required for client admitted with comorbidity and create great awareness about the risk factors the corona virus (covid-19).
DETERMINATION OF SELECTED METALS AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION IN PAPAYA (CARCIA PAPYA) AT SAJA DISTRICT, YEM SPECIAL WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHOIOPIA
(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-07) ZEKARIAS ZERFU
Papaya is commonly known for its food and nutritional values throughout the world. The study was aimed to determine the level of selected metals as well as nutritional value of Papaya samples collected from six kebeles of Yem Special Woreda, SNNPRS. The optimized wet digestion method was used in the analysis. The results revealed that papaya has the ability to accumulate relatively higher amounts of Ca and Mg among the determined essential metals. The result of metal analysis revealed that papaya contains appreciable level of essential metals and the level of toxic heavy metals (Pb and Cd ) were below maximum permissible value set by WHO/FAO indicating that the given fruit was safe to use The concentration ranges in dry weight basis in decreasing order were: Ca (7.13 -24.51) >Mg (9.76-10.87) > K (3.83 – 4.64) > Fe (1.18 – 5.76) >Mn (0.19-0.49) > Zn (0.14-0.45)>Pb(0.16-0.24) > Cu (0.14-0.16) >Cd (0.01) mg/kg. The proximate compostion results indicated that the percentage of nutritional value in papaya ranges from (5.90 to 6.37), (70.56 to 72.42), (6.47 to 13.90), (2.08 to 2.85), (1.40 to 2.20), (6.21 to 11.45), (85.44 to 105.28); for ash, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates and total energy respectively. The efficiency of digestion methods was revealed that the excellent recoveries obtained which were found within the acceptable range for the analyzed metals. Regarding the proximate analysis, papaya was a good source of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and fiber and energy contents.