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Start date: 1640Subject: search.filters.subject.inoculation

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    THE SYNERGISTIC ROLE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION, AND IN-FIELD RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES IN GROWTH AND YIELD IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE IN YIRBA DUWANCHO DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawassa University, 2024-04) DINKNESH DIKALE
    Various climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall variability, have a significant impact on rain fed agricultural productivity, especially in Ethiopia's water-stressed arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to assess the possible impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF),Rhizobium® inoculation and in-field rain water harvesting system on maize (Zea mays) growth and production in a moisture-prone (low rainfall) location of Yirba duwancho village of Boricha woreda in Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RBCD), with 8 treatments and 3 replication including the control. Consortia AMF inoculums and Rhizobia were used as bio-inoculants and a blended fertilizer in the form of NPSB was used as additional agricultural input. The highest height (140.6cm) growth was recorded for the maize-haricot bean intercropping treatment. This was followed by AMF+F (113.5cm) treatment. Stem collar diameter was bigger (1327mm) in maize-haricot bean intercropping followed by AMF+R (86.9mm). Records for Leaf area index, Shoot weight weight, Shoot dry weight, Root weight weight, and Root dry weight were inconsistent. The better (1853cm2) Leaf area index was recorded for R treatment. Shoot dry weight was better in AMF+R (830.6g) treatment. However, Root dry weight was higher (69.6g) in AMF+R+F treatment. Maize yield/plot and per hectare was higher for intercropping treatments followed by AMF+F and AMF+R respectively. For all control treatment was recorded the lowest values. Treatments on the Effect of the Suitability of In-field Rainwater Harvesting Technique with Respect to the Width of its Runoff Strips showed Application of Tide-Ride is the best technique to hold water in soil followed by IRWHI. The lower values were recorded for IRWH1.5 and the conventional broadcast treatment. This tells us the broader the width of runoff the least rain water retained in soil. Besides, better root colonization and spore density was recorded for intercropping followed by Sole AMF treatment, while mycorrhizal dependency and maize tissue nutrient uptake was much better in AMF+R treatment. However, in almost all cases the control treatment was inferior. Overall, results of this study suggest that mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation and application of infield rain water harvesting techniques enhances nutrient uptake and maximizes maize biomass under low soil moisture conditions. Mycorrhizal plants produced higher biomass, with greater tissue nutrient content than the control plants. These results indicate that establishing efficacious AMF and rhizobium with maize could be an efficient alternative for growers in drought prone areas than relying on fertilizer application and its associated costs and environmental concerns.
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    GROWTH RESPONSES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) TO INOCULATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHAR AND COMPOST IN THE PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES LYCOPERSICI UNDER GREEN HOUSE, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-03) BELETECH HABTE AWANO
    Tomatoes (Solanun lycopersicum) are one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Ethiopia. Tomato yields in smallholder cropping systems are below the potential of the crop, due to pests and diseases. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum and compost and biochar amendments on tomato biomass, fruit yield and control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pathogen under Hawassa University greenhouse. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized soils, arranged in a fourteen treatments including the control. A completely randomized design was used and growth measurements and disease severity assessment were taken after 15, 30, and 45 days of transplantation for all growth parameters including fruit yield and effect of the pathogen were measured. During early days of growth for treatments AMF+Fusarium and AMF+Trichoderam was recorded the highest height, leaf area and stem collar diameter for Galilea variety and variable values for ROMA V.F.N variety. When compared to plants treated with F.oxysporum f.sp.l alone and control, improvement in the various growth parameters was recorded in the plants treated with AMF, T. harzianum, biochar, and compost sole and combined. Better fruit yield and pathogen resistance was recorded for Roma variety. In addition to growth parameters all AMF inoculated treatments demonstrated root colonization, and sporulated. Nutrient uptake was enhanced in all treatments except for sole Fusarium and control treatments. Mycorrhizal dependency was better for sole AMF inoculation treatment in both varieties. Disease severity was lower in ROMA variety while Galilea variety was found to be more susceptible to Fusarium pathogen. Accordingly, significant fruit loss was recorded for Galilea variety. AMF and Trichoderma inoculation and application of biochar and compost has improved performance of the two tomato varieties. In addition, it was recorded that ROMA variety is much more resistant to Fusarium pathogen as inoculated with the two bio inoculants, which indicates that different varieties show different resistance to Fusarium pathogen. Therefore, when growing tomato it is recommended to select the appropriate bio pesticides like that of AMF and T. harzianum and appropriate variety of tomatoes. Finally, as this study focused on only two tomato varieties and two bio-inoculants, wide coverage of other bacterial and fungal inoculants production and application in the small holder farms is also recommended.
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    GROWTH RESPONSES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) TO INOCULATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHAR AND COMPOST IN THE PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES LYCOPERSICI UNDER GREEN HOUSE, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-05) BELETECH HABTE AWANO
    Tomatoes (Solanun lycopersicum) are one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Ethiopia. Tomato yields in smallholder cropping systems are below the potential of the crop, due to pests and diseases. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum and compost and biochar amendments on tomato biomass, fruit yield and control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pathogen under Hawassa University greenhouse. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized soils, arranged in a fourteen treatments including the control. A completely randomized design was used and growth measurements and disease severity assessment were taken after 15, 30, and 45 days of transplantation for all growth parameters including fruit yield and effect of the pathogen were measured. During early days of growth for treatments AMF+Fusarium and AMF+Trichoderam was recorded the highest height, leaf area and stem collar diameter for Galilea variety and variable values for ROMA V.F.N variety. When compared to plants treated with F.oxysporum f.sp.l alone and control, improvement in the various growth parameters was recorded in the plants treated with AMF, T. harzianum, biochar, and compost sole and combined. Better fruit yield and pathogen resistance was recorded for Roma variety. In addition to growth parameters all AMF inoculated treatments demonstrated root colonization, and sporulated. Nutrient uptake was enhanced in all treatments except for sole Fusarium and control treatments. Mycorrhizal dependency was better for sole AMF inoculation treatment in both varieties. Disease severity was lower in ROMA variety while Galilea variety was found to be more susceptible to Fusarium pathogen. Accordingly, significant fruit loss was recorded for Galilea variety. AMF and Trichoderma inoculation and application of biochar and compost has improved performance of the two tomato varieties. In addition, it was recorded that ROMA variety is much more resistant to Fusarium pathogen as inoculated with the two bio inoculants, which indicates that different varieties show different resistance to Fusarium pathogen. Therefore, when growing tomato it is recommended to select the appropriate bio pesticides like that of AMF and T. harzianum and appropriate variety of tomatoes. Finally, as this study focused on only two tomato varieties and two bio-inoculants, wide coverage of other bacterial and fungal inoculants production and application in the small holder farms is also recommended.