Middle East States in the Horn of Africa: Dynamics of Economic, Political and Security Engagements

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the dynamics of economic, political and security interactions of Middle Eastern States with the Horn of African counties. To achieve the objectives of the study, qualitative and quantitative research methodology were employed. According to the empirical data on trade and investment, there is a strong economic connection between the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. Regarding the two regions' economic, political, and security ties, the results show that the Middle East is more engaged in HoA than HoA is in the Middle East. The observed result suggests that, rather than joint ventures, the investment are primarily fully owned by foreign entities and that the trade relationship exhibits consistent swings. The United Arab Emirates and Türkiye have established significant political ties throughout the Horn of Africa. The United Arab Emirates has significantly improved its political, economic, and security ties with the Horn of Africa in a way and to an extent not achieved by others. Middle Eastern nations must be a part of multinational organizations in order to positively influence the economic, political and security developments on the HoA. Furthermore, there should be transparency in political agreements, direct investment, and security cooperation between Middle Eastern and Horn countries. Diplomats of HoA are trained to negotiate with Western countries buy they are not trained to deal with Gulf countries. They always get the short end of the stick when dealing with Gulf countries. Because of their inescapable interactions with the Gulf, countries in the Horn must strengthen their diplomatic corps