School of Pharmacy

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    ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTIVITY OF CRUDE LEAF EXTRACT AND SOLVENT FRACTION OF THE Commelinna benghalensis LINN IN THE RODENTS
    (hawassa universty, 2023-11) TEGEGN HALALA
    Background: An ethno-botanical study has shown that Commelina benghalensis has been used in the treatment of depression, but its efficacy and safety have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like activity of C. benghalensis crude leaf extract and the solvent fraction in rodents. Method: The antidepressant-like activity of the crude leaf extract and solvent fraction of C. benghalensis was evaluated using the depression models of Forced Swim Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Open Field Test (OFT). Animals were randomly assigned to five groups. Group I received the vehicle (10 ml/kg), and Group II received the standard drug of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg). The test group from III to V received 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of the crude extract or solvent fractions of C. benghalensis. The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc Tukey test. The results were considered significant at P<0.05, 95% and P<, 0.001, 99% confidence interval. Result: The crude leaf extract of C. benghalensis, at 100 mg/kg doses, did not reduce immobility time in both the TST and FST models. However, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.05, p<0.001), immobility time was significantly reduced. In TST mice treated with hexane and ethyl acetate fraction at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p<0.05, p<0.001), there was a significant reduction in immobility time compared to the control group. The aqueous fraction at doses of 100, 200 (p<0.05), and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) shows a significant reduction in immobility time compared to the control groups. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions significantly reduced immobility duration in FST at 400 mg/kg compared to the control. Rats treated with aqueous fraction at doses of 200 mg/kg (p<0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) showed a significant decrease in immobility duration compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study found significant antidepressant-like activity in C. benghalensis crude leaf extract and solvent fraction. As no impact on locomotor activity was observed in the OFT model, the possible mechanism could not be non-specific motor stimulation. Further study on the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds responsible for the antidepressant activity of the extract should be done.
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    EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITIES OF 80% METHANOL EXTRACT OF CLEMATIS HIRSUTA (PER AND GUILL) LEAVES IN MICE.
    (Hawassa Universityth, 2023-11) WOYESA ELEMA
    Background: Wound healing is one of the most challenging health problems that needs correction and efficient wound management. The leaves of Clematis hirsuta (Perr and Guill) have been used to treat wounds as traditional medicine in different local communities.But no scientific investigation was conducted on the wound healing activities of Clematis hirsuta leaves using an in vivo study model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of an 80% methanol crude extract of Clematis hirsuta (Perr and Guill) leaves in mice. Methods: The leaves of Clematis hirsuta were crushed, dried, and macerated in 80% methanol. The resulting extract was concentrated, dried, and formulated into ointments at strengths of 5% w/w and 10% w/w. Acute dermal toxicity was evaluated in female mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg using the 10% w/w extract. Wound healing activities were assessed using excision, burn, and incision wound models, comparing the 5% w/w and 10% w/w extracts, 0.2% w/w nitrofurazone, and a simple ointment. Parameters such as epithelialization period, wound contraction, histopathological analysis, and tensile strength were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey test, and significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results: In mice, a 2000 mg/kg limit test dose of 10% w/w CE was safe. Topical application of 5% w/w CE and 10% w/w CE of Clematis hirsuta leaves possessed potential wound healing activity at (p<0.037) and (p<0.001), respectively, by increasing wound contraction rate in the excision wound model, while at (p<0.04) and (p<0.001) in the burn wound model compared to the negative control. Both 5% w/w CE and 10% w/w CE reduced the epithelialization period and possessed collagen deposit, angiogenesis, and fibroblast proliferation in both excision and burn wound models. In the incision wound model, both 5% w/w CE and 10% w/w CE significantly increased tensile strength (p <0.001) when compared to the negative control. Conclusion: The 80% methanol crude extract of Clematis hirsuta (Perr and Guill) leaves showed significant wound healing activities in mice, validating its traditional use for wound treatment.