Civil Engineering

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/675

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES BY USING BY PRODUCT OF REPI WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT AS SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTING MATERIAL
(Hawassa University, 2020-07-13) HIWOT ASEGID MULUGETA
Repi waste to energy plant, is power plant that consumes 80% of Addis Ababa’s city’s waste producing, 28 tones fly ash per day. However the disposal of the fly ash is becoming another challenge. To this end its use in concrete is proposed. Concrete containing this fly ash in construction is vital task due mainly to structural and economic advantages that fly ash concrete offers over conventional concrete. This thesis presents the results of an extensive experimental test which was carried out to study the influence of Repi waste to energy plants fly ash on the compressive strength, flexural strength tensile strength, shrinkage of concrete, Sulphuric acid attack and water absorption of the concrete. Parameters involved were 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of fly ash replacement level with high strength and normal strength concretes. Test results indicate that for normal strength concrete 15% and for high strength concrete 10% cement replacement by fly ash has good compressive strength, flexural strength tensile strength. As fly ash percentage increases shrinkage of concrete decreases for both normal strength and high strength concretes. Water absorption decreases as fly ash percentage increases for normal strength and for high strength concrete water absorption decreases up to 20% fly ash. Acid resistance tested by weight loss and compressive strength, decreases as fly ash percentage increases
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PRODUCTION OF BRICK BY USING A MIXTURE OF WASTE PLASTIC AND SAND
(Hawassa University, 2019-10-12) ELSABETH ALELEGN ASRAS
Plastics are the most multipurpose man made materials in the world and generally used as medicine package, liquid container, water bottles, pipes and roof cladding etc. Plastic has a disastrous impact on our environment because of its non-degradable rather very slow nature of degradation. It is a well-known fact that plastic takes almost 400 years of time to decompose completely. Improper disposal of plastic has a negative effect on the marine life, ground water and on our environment. In Ethiopia out of total 83 plastic bottled water factories only 4 factories recycle the plastic bottle and remaining plastic bottles does not get recycled and disposed safely which is a cause of concern from environment perspective. So the present research work has been conducted to use waste plastic in the construction activities in form of producing bricks which would help minimizing the negative effects of waste plastics in our environment along with producing cost effective alternative engineering masonry plastic bricks. Experimental tests were conducted by casting several test specimens of bricks of size 25 cm x 12 cm x 6 cm with different plastic to sand ratios such as 20:80, 25:75, 30:70, 35:65, 40:60 and 45:55. The brick specimens were tested for their physical properties according to ASTM specifications. The test results showed that the specimen with 20:80 percentage ratios has fewer bonds between plastic and sand because of which it does not give a proper rectangular shape of plastic bricks while 50:50 plastic to sand ratio has not been mixed well. The compressive strength and water absorption test results indicated that bricks made with 35% of plastic and 65% sand gives higher compressive strength and lower water absorption. Finally optimum plastic bricks found to be qualified according to negligible weathering of ASTM specification, ES 89 : 2001 and British code depending on physical properties of material strength and durability which are used for load bearing structural wall for minimum story building and non-load bearing wall for any structural masonry building
ANALYSIS OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS WITH NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS: THE CASE OF BRACED DEEP EXCAVATION IN ADDIS ABABA CITY
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-16) MOHAMMEDJEYLAN AHMED UMER
The lateral earth pressure distributions caused by braced deep excavation are paramount important to determine in order to assure both safety against displacement, settlement and bending moment of the ground and support systems. The study of the effects of braced deep excavations in different soil types which is located in Kirkos Sub City was presented in this paper. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the effects of change in soil type and structural parameters on the performance of deep excavation support system and adjacent ground. The parameters considered as an input in software are soil type, excavation depth (12 m, 16 m, and 20 m), embedment depth, stiffness, strut and walling spacing, anchors and grouting. Following this the numerical analysis was proven by experiment as a useful tool for analysis. The results showed that as parameters were varied the recorded average value of the maximum and minimum horizontal displacements of the ground and SPW, , M1-1 and M2-2 were 0.3643 m - 0.03169 m, 0.4891m - 0.03772m, 0.317m - 0.029m, 4237KN m - 85.55KN m and 2061KN m - 14.40KN m respectively. The comparison of empirical and numerical method of analysis result shows that the maximum is recorded by Peck whereas the minimum is recorded by PLAXIS-3D analysis. But the maximum is recorded by PLAXIS-3D whereas the minimum is recorded by Pecks method. Finally, the overall precious summary and sufficient conclusion were made for exact design of braced deep excavation and its retaining system
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THREE WHEELERS ON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS OF INTERSECTIONS: A CASE STUDY: ROUNDABOUTS AND SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS IN HOSSANA CITY
(Hawassa Unversity, 2020-10-18) DAWIT DAMISSIE ERGICHO
Traffic intersections are complex locations on highways. This is because vehicles moving in different direction want to occupy same space at the same time. Traffic volume is one of the variables that have the biggest effect on intersection performances. The traffic volume of Menharya and Maryam signalized intersections, Bezabh Petros and Eyerusalem roundabouts at Hosanna city is highly occupied by three wheelers. So it is vital to study the effects of three wheelers on performance measurement parameters of intersections. The other purposes of the study were, analysis of existing intersection performances, evaluation of the consequences of three wheelers with performance parameters and comparing the performance change of intersections by replacing three wheelers with a minibus. All data were collected by using video camera for traffic data and measuring tape for geometric data. By taking peak hour volume, the performance measurement parameters of intersections were done using HCM 2010 methodologies incorporated in SIDRA Intersection Software 5.1. The effects of three wheelers on intersection performances were evaluated by excluding three wheelers from analysis and by comparing each performance parameter changes with and without three wheelers. By replacing three wheelers with minibus of 12 seats, the performance changes of intersections were evaluated and compared well. From the result of the study, Menharya signalized intersection is operating above its capacity because, the degree of saturation of this intersection is 1.374 which is greater than one and Maryam signalized intersection also shows congested condition with degree of saturation 0.852. 70.5% cause for delay, 85.5% cause for a degree of saturation, and 93.8% cause for the queue distance of Menharya signalized intersection is the presence of three wheelers. In the same manner for Maryam signalized intersection, 17.1% cause of delay. 82.2% cause of degree of saturation, and 90.7% cause of queue length is three wheeler's presence. The performances of both roundabouts are also affected highly due to presence of three wheelers. For Menharya signalized intersection, 54.1% Average delay, 31.7% degree of saturation and 59.5% queue distance, For Maryam signalized intersection, 19.3% Average delay, 32.4% degree of saturation and 45.6% queue distance is improved when Three wheelers replaced by minibus.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THREE WHEELERS ON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS OF INTERSECTIONS: A CASE STUDY: ROUNDABOUTS AND SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS IN HOSSANA CITY
(Hawassa Inversity, 2020-07-17) DAWIT DAMISSIE ERGICHO
ABSTRACT Traffic intersections are complex locations on highways. This is because vehicles moving in different direction want to occupy same space at the same time. Traffic volume is one of the variables that have the biggest effect on intersection performances. The traffic volume of Menharya and Maryam signalized intersections, Bezabh Petros and Eyerusalem roundabouts at Hosanna city is highly occupied by three wheelers. So it is vital to study the effects of three wheelers on performance measurement parameters of intersections. The other purposes of the study were, analysis of existing intersection performances, evaluation of the consequences of three wheelers with performance parameters and comparing the performance change of intersections by replacing three wheelers with a minibus. All data were collected by using video camera for traffic data and measuring tape for geometric data. By taking peak hour volume, the performance measurement parameters of intersections were done using HCM 2010 methodologies incorporated in SIDRA Intersection Software 5.1. The effects of three wheelers on intersection performances were evaluated by excluding three wheelers from analysis and by comparing each performance parameter changes with and without three wheelers. By replacing three wheelers with minibus of 12 seats, the performance changes of intersections were evaluated and compared well. From the result of the study, Menharya signalized intersection is operating above its capacity because, the degree of saturation of this intersection is 1.374 which is greater than one and Maryam signalized intersection also shows congested condition with degree of saturation 0.852. 70.5% cause for delay, 85.5% cause for a degree of saturation, and 93.8% cause for the queue distance of Menharya signalized intersection is the presence of three wheelers. In the same manner for Maryam signalized intersection, 17.1% cause of delay. 82.2% cause of degree of saturation, and 90.7% cause of queue length is three wheeler's presence. The performances of both roundabouts are also affected highly due to presence of three wheelers. For Menharya signalized intersection, 54.1% Average delay, 31.7% degree of saturation and 59.5% queue distance, For Maryam signalized intersection, 19.3% Average delay, 32.4% degree of saturation and 45.6% queue distance is improved when Three wheelers replaced by minibu
ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION MODE CHOICE OF THE PASSENGERS USING MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL FOR WORK AND SCHOOL TRIPS: A CASE STUDY IN HAWASSA CITY
(Hawassa University, 2019-10-19) YESHITLA DENEKE
The urbanization and urban sprawl of the city are becoming expanded in Ethiopia. People migrated to urban centers like Hawassa city in order to work, trade, and learn. Due to this, the transportation planners and engineers are always encountering a problem on how to provide adequate transportation services and facilities within the city because of the various mode choice behavior of the travelers. Hence, this study focused on identifying factors affecting mode choice behavior, analyzing the work and school trip makers’ mode choice behavior in Hawassa city using the Multinomial Logit Model by determining and forecasting the current and future mode share respectively. The transport modeling process as a travel demand forecasting tool used in the analysis of probable market shares of different motorized modes. The model developed with questionnaires distributed for this purpose by using workplace and school survey in the seven sub-cities of the Hawassa city. The primary data, like total waiting time were collected through site investigation at different major station of the city. Likewise, the secondary data like travel cost within each station gathered from the Hawassa City Road and Transportation Bureau. SPSS Software was used to process data for a Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) and to explain the travel patterns and mode choice of employees and students. The model was made with mode used in a trip as dependent variable and out of the vehicle travel time, in vehicle travel time, travel cost, income and comfort as an independent variables. Results indicated that the factors that significantly affect the choice of transport modes were average monthly income, in-vehicle travel time, out of the vehicle travel time, total travel cost and comfort during journey. The prediction level of the developed model was 79.5% for the employees and 82.9% for the students. The employee’s current probabilities of the modal split for city bus, damas, Bajaj and motorcycle were 28.83%, 25.4%, 6.2% and 39.58% while for the students were 35.92%, 29.74%, 19.79% and 14.53% respectively. The validation and verification of the developed model was done by testing the reasonableness of the sign of the parameters and by examining it with the three fundamental properties of the MLM. The estimations of the model might also be valuable to policy-makers and transport planners, who can estimate possibilities for various modes and determine the impact of unique policy modifications on the need for trip makers
ASSESING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PRACTICE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN HAWASSA CITY
(Hawassa University, 2021-03-18) BIRUK KEBEDE BEKELE
Project performance has been considered to be tied to project success and this is also tied to project objectives. Based on this to evaluate performance effectively and efficiently we should develop an objective and consistent measurable criteria. These criteria are called performance dimensions. According to many study performance dimension has been encounter performance shortfall in construction industry worldwide and in developing country at large. Especially in Ethiopia and the city Hawassa the problem is clearly shows. The research aimed at assessing the performance evaluation practice on four Dimensions namely Time, Cost, Quality and health and safety and its challenges and also develops a framework to efficiently practice performance evaluation in construction project in Hawassa city. The study adopts both quantitative and qualitative approach to assess the performance evaluation practice in Hawassa city. Simple random samplings were used to select the representative sample form entire population. Quantitative approach used questionnaire while qualitative approach uses semi-structure interview and case study to stimulate the relevant response from the major stakeholders in the Hawassa building construction project. The data collected by questionnaire were analyzed using frequency and mean for objective one and one sample t-test for objective two. In doing so The study concludes most contractors has limited budget set for evaluation purpose, most contractor evaluate their project in every phase of project. And most contractor use “time variation” formula to measure time, percent net variation over final cost formula to measure cost, system quality method to measure quality, fatality rate to measure safety. The study found that, limited financial resource, poor quality of data collected, poor communication, lack of monitoring and evaluation plans in planning, and budgeting, weak legal and institutional framework and Poor demand for monitoring and evaluation. Lack of monitoring and evaluation units within the organization and Weak linkage between planning and evaluation are the most challenges in Hawassa construction project. And all projects never use the most common framework like Balance score card, European foundation for quality management, Key Performance Indicator and Earned Value Management. Finally the research recommends that contractors in Hawassa should allocate budget, use reliable framework and organize independent unit for performance evaluation. The study develops performance evaluation framework helps to project success and uses as benchmark for other study in Hawassa cit
ASSESSEMENT ON THE CHALLENGES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN ADDIS ABABA: A CASE STUDY FROM MEGENAGNA TO AYAT ROAD
(Hawassa University, 2021-10-11) ASTEWAY MEKONNEN TENAW
Beside the construction of a high quality road network, managing operational performance of the highway system directly increases a nation’s economic output by reducing travel time and costs. The Addis Ababa Traffic Management Agency tries to implement different remedial measures on the city arterials which aim to improve their operational performance; especially during the day’s peak period. Measuring the challenges and effectiveness of those management practices in the capital is the focus and novelty of this research. Due to its representative nature with two ways and an eight lane geometric feature, the route from Megenagna to Ayat is selected as a cases study. Observations like congestion pattern, video recording, direct field measurements and secondary data were the main sources for the analysis. Volume to capacity ratio analysis method was used to measure the existing operating performance of the route. The method of queue and delay analysis in working zone areas was used to quantify the delay on the route. Results from the performance analysis shows that, congestion is a concept beyond the serving capacity of roadway facilities. Even though the maximum traffic flow exhibited is only 80% of the road segments capacity, results from the queue analysis shows 255 veh-hr vehicles in waiting to traverse the segment. The delay analysis also shows a need of extra 13.74 minutes to clear the queued vehicles. Interruption from pedestrians and diverted vehicles, bottleneck geometrical features and safety conditions are the main identified challenges of the traffic management practice. Implementing the reversible lane as a remedy helps in diverting up to 21.22% of the peak traffic to the less congested direction and decreased the time loss by 1.67 minutes. Regulating the random crossing pattern of pedestrians, cycle time increment of traffic light on specific segments and restricting usage of on street parking during peak periods are proposed recommendation to improve the traffic flow.
ASSESSING CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS (A CASE OF ROAD PROJECTS IN SIDAMA ROADS AUTHORITY)
(Hawassa University, 2025-07-14) ERDACHEW EYOB SIME
The Construction Industry is one of the very fast-growing industries but it also faces many problems which impinge on the performance of their projects. For this reason, it is necessary to plan these projects properly to guarantee their success. The study was conducted with the objective of identifying critical factors affecting the performance of road construction projects in Sidama Roads Authority, developing a framework to improve the performance of road construction projects in SRA and giving suggestion and recommendation to mend the performance of road construction projects in SRA. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Mixed research approach was also employed in this study. A relevant literature was reviewed and self-administered questionnaire which contain A total of 54 performance factors with seven factor groups categorization. It was designed to collect relevant information from purposively selected 120 respondents of SRA (Bensa Daayye road district). Study population was pre-selected twenty (20) road construction projects which found in six road clusters of Bensa Daayye road districts. Additionally; Data were gathered through Focus discussion group. collected data was coded and entered into statistical packages for Social Scientists SPSS Version (27) and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency and relative importance index (RII) was used to rank the identified factors. The findings were presented in form of tables while explanation was presented in prose and the findings revealed seventeen most significant factors that significantly affects the performance of road construction projects in selected twenty road construction projects in SRA those factors. Those factors were the main causes for the delay and cost overrun. Thus, the output of this research will contribute to identify and understand the critical factors affecting the performance of road construction projects in SRA, by providing fully enough information to identify the areas where necessary action needs to be taken and by furtherly providing respective suggestion, recommendation and subjective framework to improve performance of road construction projects. In addition, it is recommended to Moreover, in addition to the studied critical factors, further in-depth investigation is recommended on many unaddressed critical factors
ASSESSING PERFORMANCE OF PEDESTRIAN ROAD CROSSWAY ON ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT BASED ON PEDESTRIAN DELAY [A CASE STUDY ON ADDIS ABABA E-W (AYAT MEGENAGNA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT LINE)]
(Hawassa University, 2020-04-27) KIDIST TESFAYE TADESSE
This research focuses on Addis Ababa East-West Light Rail Transit (LRT) line road section of Ayat to Megenagna which have a length of 7.8 km. It also consists of eight zebra stripped pedestrian crossway. The study attempts to determine the pedestrian level of service of the existing pedestrian crossways by quantifying pedestrian delays, to determine the most influencing factors to pedestrian delays and to develop a regression model for pedestrian delays. Relevant data about pedestrian level of service, pedestrian crossing facilities and pedestrian traffic data was collected and investigated through statistical analysis. Crosswalk facilities were collected from the Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit bureau and directly from geometric measurement to analyze performance of pedestrian crossings, traffic count was conducted on the selected pedestrian crossings. A random survey was done through questioner and structured interviews in order to assess pedestrian’s overall satisfaction level in terms of safety, comfort and convenience for each crossing and usage of crossing facilities based on their experiences. The study analysis shows that the level of service of selected pedestrian midblock, stairways and strail in the road section is above a LOS C, which means pedestrian does not need to alter movement and found are found enough for pedestrians. In addition, the study analysis identifies that the basic parameters that influence the pedestrian delay were age, crosswalk marking, waiting time, pedestrian speed, pedestrian perceived safety, pedestrian perceived convenience and pedestrian perceived comfort through traffic analysis, observation, interview and questioners. Gender, frequency using crosswalk and crosswalk surface condition have not found the influencing factors to pedestrian delay. The effect of each predicted variables on pedestrian delay, multiple linear regression model was developed using SPSS software, seven variables were found statistically significant to predict pedestrian delay at 95% confidence level. The resulting general model has a good correlation coefficient R2=0.716 which means about 71.6% of the variation in pedestrian delay was explained by influencing factors. The regression model is validated and is applicable for midblock crossway integrated with LRT roads. Based on such findings, the following recommendations were drawn to solve those problems, build up off-street parking, discourage private cars, avoiding poor traffic management, and improve pedestrian crossing mark
ASSESSING THE REGULATORY TOOLS RELATED FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A CASE OF ADDIS ABABA CITY
(Hawassa University, 2020-07-08) GETACHEW TESFAYE DESALEGN
The present state of the construction industry falls short of meeting domestic and international quality standards and the different performance parameters expected from the sector in Ethiopia. Ineffective regulatory system of the industry and low level of regulatory enforcement has its own share in this low performance. Effectiveness and efficiency of regulatory system is primarily dependent on capacity of the regulatory body and the regulatory tools. The regulatory body designates the government and tools include the registration system, the building permit and the procurement system. This study focuses on assessing the major factors related to these regulatory tools affecting the performance of building construction projects in Addis Ababa. A mixed method research was adopted and structured questionnaire, semi structured interview and document analysis were used for data collection. In the questionnaire survey, totally 150 professionals were involved from client, contractor, academics and consultant. The statistical analyses of mean, standard deviation, one sample T-test, factor analysis and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS to summarize, interpret the data and to find the implications of the responses given by the respondents. The findings indicate that the applicable regulatory system needs improvement in terms of attaining the intended objectives. From the findings the top three registrations related factors are poor project inspection, inadequate evaluation and measuring mechanism in upgrading professionals and firms and inadequate monitoring of professionals and firms performance. The top three building permit related factors are bureaucratic delay, low level of using information technology for keeping and retrieving land records and weak building regulations enforcement. The top three procurement system related factors are poor procurement plan, inadequate assessment of bidders and poor communication in procurement process. It is recommended that there should be appropriate evaluation and measuring mechanisms in upgrading the class of firms and professionals so as to enhance the competency of the developers. Building permits should be issuing on time so as to prevent delay in building construction project and appropriate procurement plan shall be exist before the commencement of any activity so as to prevent the conflict of the requirements in building construction projects.
ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: (A CASE OF SELECTED TOWNS IN SOUTHERN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES, AND PEOPLE’S REGIONAL STATE)
(Hawassa Inversity, 2019-10-29) YACOB BADENGA MINUTA
Building defect is a failing or shortcoming in the function, performance, statutory or user requirements of a fabric, facilities in a building. Maintenance is an important program for the sustainability of buildings under occupancy. (The present buildings) Observed buildings in this study in SNNPRS were manifesting deterioration that should have been maintained long ago. In the region, defects in public buildings appeared and their impacts had been of high maintenance costs. Material and construction deficiency observed as the main causes of building defect under occupancy stage of buildings (Bedru M. , 2015). This research assessed the defects and maintenance management practices in the occupancy stage of public buildings in selected towns of SNNPRS. At the end, effects of defects and defect reducing measures were investigated. Interview survey, case study and desk study were used and analyzed by SPSS for research work. Thirteen buildings were considered during the interview, case studies and desk study. Building administrators, facility managers and other concerned body were considered in the selected buildings in the region for the interview questions. From the result, the main types of defects were identified; economic, functional and social consequences of defects were investigated; the practices of maintenance management in public buildings were assessed and defect reducing measures were finally recommended for buildings. The frequent types of defects identified in the study were; dampness; peeling of paint; leakage and defects in building service installation. Similarly the average results showed that the most common causes of building defect were construction and material deficiency with corresponding shares of 41.95 % and 37.55 % of the defects respectively. High amount of maintenance cost was consumed in a building in the desk study analysis in one time maintenance for a building defect. This implies there was no preventive mechanisms set for buildings. Before beginning of the actual maintenance work, maintenance directory (report) should be prepared for all defective items in team in order to know the severity of defects which enables to prepare maintenance BoQ for execution. Periodic maintenance shall be recommended for public buildings under occupancy
Assessment of causes of delay on selected asphalt road Projects in the Southern Region of Ethiopi
(Hawassa University, 2017-10-18) Mengistu G/kirosGesesew
ASSESSMENT OF CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION REGISTRATION PRACTICE IN THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA
(Hawassa University, 2022-10-12)
In many countries, professionals, construction firms, and construction projects are required to register with a central government or regional authority. Registration is used to refer to a number of forms of official recognition that construction business organizations must have. The impetus for the registration comes from different sources in different countries, including enabling the collection of information on the industry, facilitating the regulation or management of the industry, generating revenue, and facilitating procurement through a pre-qualification initiative. These studies were guided by the following objectives: assessing the challenges of professional and company registration practices, overseeing the prospects of construction project registration practices, and assessing the improvement mechanisms of registration practices in the Addis Ababa construction industry. Literature was reviewed from different works, which supported the objectives of this research. The study collected data using a mixed-methods research approach and tested variables involving 154 construction professionals chosen through random sampling methods. For quantitative data, the survey approach was used, and for qualitative data, an in-depth interview and document review were conducted in Addis Ababa. For the analysis of quantitative data, SPSS software version 26 was used. A one-sample T-test analysis was used to compare a sample mean to a specific value, and a factor analysis was used to reduce large variables to a small set of dimensions through the grouping of descriptive statistics. Additionally, for the analysis of qualitative data, cross-case analysis was used. The reliability of the data has been checked by Cronbach's alpha. According to the findings of these studies, the current registration practice of professional ethics and lack of competence exams, annual financial turnover, plant and equipment requirements issues, weak involvement of associations in the registration system, forged academic and work experience documents, a poor documentation system, and weak initiation, promotion, and commitment to practicing project registrations are all challenging factors that affect the current registration practice. In addition, the prospects of current registration practices provide good opportunities for eligible companies to participate in the construction industry. Furthermore, the findings of this study show that the mechanisms to improve current registration practices in the construction industry are as follows: effectively using a database registration system; active involvement of stakeholders and professional associations in the registration system; requiring an examination as a requirement for higher level professional registration to ensure continuous professional development; and controlling double registration at the federal and regional levels. Finally, based on these findings, it was concluded that the construction registration practices need significant improvement
ASSESSMENT OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE IN ETHIOPIA USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS METHOD
(Hawassa University, 2022-10-22) MULUKEN FIKADU AKEWAK
The performance of the construction industry is hampered by physical and non-physical waste. Hence, the requirement to embrace the implementation of Lean Construction (LC) practices that encompasses working culture, tools, and concepts to maximize value whereas additionally minimizing all kinds of wastes. The aim of this thesis is to assess the implementation of lean construction in Ethiopia, specifically in sidama region public projects. The paper investigates the implemented lean construction techniques and tools and identifies the benefits of implementing lean construction. In addition to this, the barriers to implement and critical success factors for improvement of lean construction are prioritize. The study was conducted using relative importance index (RII) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) on Microsoft excel. Both qualitative and quantitative research approach is adopted to address research. The primary data were gathered from project managers, site engineers and site supervisors through questionnaire survey and interview and secondary data obtained from journals and research proceedings. The result obtained from respondents were correlated and discussed in detail. The findings revealed that pursue perfection, create smooth flow in process, allowing customer to pull, map the value stream and identify customer value are most significant lean techniques and last planner system, 5s, concurrent engineering, just in time and daily huddle time are the most significant lean tools implemented in construction projects. Similarly, increased productivity, reduce waste and production cost, eliminate all non-value adding activities, continuous improvement and reduce project time are top five benefits of implementing lean in descending order according to their RII value. The twenty five barriers to implement lean are categorized in to seven groups and prioritized using AHP. The result showed as lack of top management support and commitment, fragmentation and subcontracting nature of industry, resistance to change, incomplete and inaccurate design and influence of traditional management practice are most significant barriers based on their global weight. Also, from sixteen critical success factor, management commitment and involvement, understanding of technical requirements in lean, employee morale and motivation, strategy planning and training employees are most significant factors according to their global weight. Finally, the research concluded that lean implemented in Ethiopia with some barriers and recommended project managers to encourage improving its implementation in project site.
ASSESSMENT OF MINIBUS TAXI TRANSPORT SERVICE CHALLENGES AND PASSENGER FARE ESTABLISHEMENT A CASE STUDY ON FOUR SELECTED ROUTES OF HAWASSA CITY, ETHIOPIA
(Hawassa University, 2021-04-11) GETU BEKELE FEREJA
In the developing cities like Hawassa an increase in size and number of population generate increased travel demand and triggered improved transport service. Among the public transport modes, the service provided by minibus taxi are unattractive due to the presence of a factors like providing service quality problem, mismatching of demand and supply of mini bus taxi and the transport fare system problem. This study aimed to evaluate the existing service quality, the distribution pattern and passenger fare establishment methods of mini bus taxis in the city and compared the current using taxi distribution and passenger fare with four stage demand modeling results and HDM-4 software based results respectively. Regarding with this, the data’s like characteristics of vehicle, geometric characteristics of road, price of vehicle component, and various traffic data were collected through field survey, interview and questioner survey methods. The qualitative analysis which is subjective measures were used. For analysis of taxi distribution four stage demand modeling and other statistical analysis model which were fit to our data such as category analysis, gravity model and logit model were used and to establish the passenger fare HDM-4 multipurpose software were utilized. The finding of this study result revealed that more than half of transport users are dissatisfied on over all service provision of minibus taxi. Related to the result of taxi distribution The number of trip attraction and production for route of old bus station to mobil station of each purpose of trip home to work, home to school, home to shop and home to other purpose found to be 2657,3024,1602and1947respectively and for production trip purposes the number of trips were found to be 2018,1982,1919 and1784 respectively.. Concerning with result of passenger fare produced by HDM-4 software, the fare produced for one km road segment was about 1.35 Birr person; however the fare established by Hawassa city transport office was 0.75 cents per person. Finally, proper consideration of input parameters is required when setting passenger fare for each mode of transport and the transport bureau should studied further on demand and supply of mini bus taxi and service delivery in order to improve the operational system of minibus taxi in the city
ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE FOR PUBLIC BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN HAWASSA CITY
(Hawassa University, 2020-07-18) BITSIT BEKELE YUTURA
Construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains large number of parties as clients, contractors, consultants, shareholders, regulatory bodies and others. In Hawassa the number of building projects is increasing from time to time. However, it has become difficult to complete projects in the allocated cost, time and quality. The aim of this thesis is to assess performance of public building construction projects in Hawassa city. Data collection techniques used included literature review, interviews and questionnaire surveys. As outcome 58 factors were identified as factor affecting performance of construction projects. The factors classified in to nine categories (cost, time, quality, productivity, client satisfaction, community and regulatory satisfaction, health and safety, innovation and learning and environment) related factors. For the analysis of the data, statistical analysis SPSS software is used. A survey finding confirmed that major factors that affecting performance has been escalation of material prices, material and equipment cost, availability of resources as planned through project duration, sequencing of work according to schedule, number of disputes between owner and project parties, cost of variation order, incomplete drawing and application of health and safety factors in organization. The main key performance indicators have been cost, time, quality and productivity. Finally based on the findings and results some recommendations were given
ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE: CASE OF 40/60 SAVING HOUSE DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISE IN ADDIS ABABA BOLE AYAT LOT II
(Hawassa University, 2018-10-22) ALIYA ABDOSH IBRAHIM
Construction industry has complexity in its nature because it contains large number of parties as clients, contractors, consultants and other stakeholders. Construction projects suffer from many problems and complex issues in performance such as cost, time and quality. The aim of this thesis is to identify and evaluate the main factors affecting the performance of construction projects in the case of Bole Ayat 40/60 condominium. Literature reviews about performance were sited to identify the factors affecting the performance of construction projects. The methodology/research design followed was descriptive research. A questionnaire survey was conducted and 44 factors were identified, categorized, evaluated and ranked from small and micro enterprises, client, consultants and contractors perspectives. The results were analyzed and discussed to obtain the most performance indicators. The relative importance index (RII) method was used here to determine perceptions of the relative importance of the performance indicators in construction projects. The extremely significant factors affecting time performance were shortage of material, financial problem and poor communication and coordination with RII 0.75, 0.74 and 0.71 respectively. Whereas the factors affecting cost performance were fluctuation in the cost of material, lack of cost planning and design change with RII 0.77, 0.693 and 0.691 respectively and factors affecting quality performance were educated and experienced personnel, quality of materials and equipment used in the project with RII 0.81, 0.72 and 0.69 respectively. Recommendations were formulated to improve performance of construction projects. It was concluded that every party participating on the project should have good communication and coordination to avoid design discrepancies and disputes to improve performance; they should have to hire qualified personnel to overcome any technical and managerial problems
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC CAR DRIVER COMPREHENSION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE AND STATISTICAL TRAFFIC ACCIDENT MODELING IN HAWASSA CITY
(Hawassa Inversity, 2019-04-19) FIKADU DAGNACHEW EJIGU
The main purpose of traffic control devices, as well as the implication for their use, is to ensure traffic safety and efficiency by providing for the orderly movement of all road users. This study addressed the main gap between driver and the implementation of traffic control device in Hawassa city. Three specific objectives conducted in this study. In the first, driver understanding of traffic control device with respect to their personal characteristic, the second is identifying types of traffic control device that creates confusion for drivers and the third is developing statistical model of traffic accidents in Hawassa city. The method adopted for these specific objectives involves the use of field work observation, questionnaire and data collected from different sectors. There are 74 questionnaires prepared and distributed for the public car drivers for the total of 485 public cars in Hawassa city. The questionnaire includes two types of question item which are; short answer questions designed to give detailed information about the drivers’ demographic characteristics such as the age, sex, marital status driving experience and educational background. A total of 28 symbols included, 8 regulatory signs, 7 warning signs, 5 guide signs, 5 road markings and 3 traffic signals. The analysis showed that there was low understanding of traffic control devices by drivers. From the total selected type of 8 regulatory sign the average percentage of the correct answer was 52%, from 7 warning sign average percentage of the correct answer was 58%, guide sign 34%, traffic signal 66% and road marking 43%. At 5% significant the statistical test proved that educational background and age were as a major factor affecting the understanding of traffic control devices as observed in the test carried out. Drivers especially those with low educational background should take special training to get a better understanding of traffic control devices. The correlation coefficient between explanatory variables of general roads and accidents in Hawassa city, shows that AADT had positive correlation with traffic accidents the others pedestrian zebra crossing and asphalt road access had a negative correlation with traffic accident
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEMAND OF HAWASSA CITY USING FOUR STAGE MODELIN
(Hawassa Unversity, 2019-10-24) KEBISHA ASSEFA WELDE
The transportation system is the basic and fundamental part of human day to day activities. Hawassa city public transport demand increase rapidly from day to day due to different reasons; such as rapid growth of urbanization; the city being tourist centered, the economic activity of the city, the city being political center of the region, the city being also industry center. The study assessed the public transport demand of Hawassa city using the traditional four stage travel demand model. The significance of study had been to quantify the current travel demand of home to work and home to school. Primary data such as number of population, number of students, number of employment, trip purpose and number of trip were collected through questioner and home based interview. the secondary data such as number of taxis, number of bus, and number of Auto rick show and their operating condition from the governmental offices and these data were well organize using tabulation and situation would analyze using the four stage modeling and other statistical analysis model which were fit to our data such as category analysis, gravity model and logit model. Next the collected data analyzed determining number of trip attraction and production for both home to work and home to school trip purpose as attraction number of trips are 130213 and 106895 respectively and for production trip purposes the number of trips are133558 and 154181 and these trips are distributed through the links of TAZ. Next the modal share of mini bus were 19%, city bus were 58% and rick show were 23% for home to work purpose and 27% were mini bus, 41% were city bus and 32% were rick show take the modal for the purpose of home to education trip purpose and finally conclude as the majority of modal share was city bus. The major trip attraction for home to work purpose was Addis Ketema sub city and the least attraction zone was being Mehal subcity. The city transport and road development bureau city bus transport system in advance towards the highest trip generator of the city such as Addis Ketema and Tabor sub city