Horticultural Science

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    EVALUATION OF ANCHOTE (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cong) ACCESSIONS FOR THEIR GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCES UNDER DIFFERENT ALTITUDES IN SIDAMA REGION
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) NEJAT ALI
    Among the most important root and tuber crops, anchote is one of the potential crops produced in the western and south-western parts of Ethiopia. It serves as a food, cultural, social, and economic crop for the producers. Due to limited research coverage and less attention to determining the growth and yield performance of anchote accessions, the production of anchote has not spread to other parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield responses of anchote accession grown at different altitudes in the Sidama region of Ethiopia from June to November 2021. Nine anchote accessions (Gimbi, Jimate, Degaga Didhessa, Jimma Arjo, Ale, Sheka, Sibu Sire1, Sibu Sire2, and Sibu Sire3) were sow in three locations representing different altitudes (1305 masl, 1835 masl, and 2504 masl). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Growth and yield data were collected following standard procedures. The results revealed that phenological parameters and growth performances (leaf area, leaf number, vine length, above-ground fresh and dry biomass) were significantly influenced by the main factors of accession, location, and their interactions. Days to 50% of flowering were affected by the main factors (accession and location), and vine number was affected only by location. The highest (92%) and lowest (58.7%) emergence percentages were obtained from Sheka accession at mid-altitude and Sibu Sire1 at Bilate, respectively. The largest (597.3 g) and the minimum (6.2 g) above-ground fresh biomass per plant were produced by accession Sibu Sire1 under Leku and accession Gimbi under Hula, respectively. The maximum (62.1 g) and minimum (33.6 g) above-ground dry biomass were produced by accession Ale under Leku and accession Jimate under Bilate. In the case of yield, yield-related parameters (root weight and diameter, total biomass weight, root yield, and underground dry root weight) of anchote accessions were significantly affected by accessions, location, and their interaction. Root number per plant was affected by accessions and location. Root diameter was affected only by accession. The highest storage root weight (522.3g) and total biomass (847 g) per plant were obtained from Degaga Didhessa anchote accession under Hula location. Whereas, the lowest storage root weight (94.6 gm) and total biomass (153 gm) were also recorded from Sibu Sire3 under Hula conditions. The highest yield (59.6 t/h)) was obtained from the anchote accession of Degaga Didhessa at the Leku location. The significantly lowest yield (12.3 t/h)) was recorded from Gimbi Anchote accessions under Bilate. Anchote accessions evaluated in this study showed a differential response to different locations that represented different altitudes. We recommended accessions of Degaga Didhessa, Sheka, and Sibu Sire1 that produced better storage root yield, high underground dry biomass content, root weight, and dry matter content across three locations that indicated good performance and adaptation. Those accessions that we recommend are suggested to be produced by farmers in the areas of Bilate, Leku, and Hula and related conditions in the Sidama region.
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    EFFECT OF INTER ROW SPACING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND TUBER QUALITY OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES IN HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) MULUGETA SODANO LANTERO
    Potato is the very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia, especially in the high and mid altitude areas. It is important to select better yielding potato varieties with appropriate plant density per unit of area to get for better yield and tuber quality in given location. This experiment was conducted to determine proper inter row spacing for potato varieties and to select better performing potato variety at Hadiya zone Misrak Badewaccho district, during the year 2022 G.C main cropping season. The experiment was arranged in a factorial combination of three inter row spacing (70 x 30 cm, 60 x 30 cm and 50 x 30 cm) and five potato varieties (Gudane, Zemen, Belete Jalene and local) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result revealed that days to 50% emergence and stem number per hill were significantly affected by variety, days to 90% maturity, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf area index, harvest index, total biomass, total tuber yield, tuber number per hill and tuber size distribution were significantly affected by main factors (variety and inter row spacing) but not by interaction. Days to 50% flowering, leaf area, marketable tuber yield, unmarketable tuber yield, marketable tuber number, unmarketable tuber number, dry matter, total starch content and specific gravity were significantly influenced by main factors (variety and inter row spacing and interaction). The highest, stem number per hill, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, harvest index, total dry biomass, total tuber yield, tuber number per hill, marketable tuber yield, marketable tuber number dry matter and specific gravity was scored from Gudene variety whereas, lowest data was recorded from local variety. The highest stem number per hill, plant height, leaf number per plant, leaf area, total dry biomass, tuber number per hill, specific gravity and total starch content recorded at inter row spacing (70 x 30) cm. The highest interactive effect was scored from marketable tuber yield from Gudene (36.00t/ha -1 ) and Belete (34.67t/ha -1 ) variety and at inter row spacing (60 x 30 cm) whereas, lowest interactive effect was recorded from local (12.83t/ha -1 ) variety and at inter row spacing (50 x 30 cm). Therefore, from this study, it can be concluded that Gudene and Belete varieties at inter row spacing (60 x 30cm and 70 x 30cm) resulted in highest marketable potato yield. The results obtained in this study are based conducted at single season and single location it should be repeated to validate this result before recommending to the area.
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    GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA INOCULATED AVOCADO (Persea americana M.) RACESUNDER MOISTURE STRESS CONDITIONS
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) HIWOT KELBO
    Avocado is one of the most economically important and widely grown fruit crops in tropical and subtropical regions. It is mainly grown in the southern, South Western, and Eastern parts of Ethiopia, with high economic returns. Despite its importance, production is hampered by abiotic factors like moisture limitation in the nursery and later in the orchard. This requires alternative and effective strategies and tools to overcome the challenge, such as inoculating with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi as a soil amendment. This study was designed to investigate the effect of AMF inoculation on the morpho physiological and biochemical responses of two avocado (Persea americana M.) races under different moisture levels. A factorial combination of two inoculation levels (inoculated and non-inoculated), two avocado races (Mexicana and Guatemalan), and four water withholding intervals (daily watering, 7-days, 14-days, and 21-days watering intervals) were arranged in a CRD design with three replications. Results of the study revealed that growth parameters of avocado seedlings such as internode length and seedling height were influenced by the main effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae and moisture while, leaf number, leaf area were influenced by main and two way interaction effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and moisture while xylem number and xylem width affected by interaction effect of race and moisture. However, root length, root number, and average root diameter were influenced by the main, two-way, and three-way interaction effects of race, arbuscular mycorrhizae, and moisture levels. The highest mean values of leaf area, root number, root length, xylem number, xylem width, and biomass fresh and dry weight were observed from Mexicana treated with arbuscular mycorrhizae under daily and moisture stress treatments. Whereas the minimum value was recorded from Guatemalan race grown under non-inoculated and 21 days water withholding treatment. Moreover, photosynthesis rate, transpiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, proline content, biomass fresh and dry weight were significantly influenced by the main, two ways and three-way interaction effect of avocado races, arbuscular mycorrhizae and moisture levels. All growth, physiological and biomass parameters were significantly decreased under drought stressed conditions. However, compared to non-inoculated seedlings, the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae considerably increased all those growth, physiological, biochemical, and biomass parameters even under drought stress. Among the tested races, "Mexicana" showed significantly well performance under drought stress conditions than Guatemalan cultivar. In conclusion, the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae considerably improved drought stress tolerance in both races compared to non-inoculated treatments. However, further research is needed under field condition before generalized conclusions can be drawn
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    MORPHO-PYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD RESPONSE OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARITIES TO BELNDED FERTILIZER UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2023) ALEM SISAY SAHILE
    Common bean is the most important food legume crop for direct consumption in the world and is the most popular legume of the Americas and Eastern and Southern Africa. In Ethiopia, common bean is grown predominantly under smallholder producers as an important food crop and source of cash. There are biotic and abiotic stresses which causes a decrease losses in crop yield, being the water deficit, and soil fertility are the most limiting factor in the world agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study was designed to investigate the effect of blended fertilizer on morpho-physiology, accumulation of reserve compounds and yield of common bean varieties under different soil moisture levels from Feb to May 2021. A factorial combination of 3 different blended fertilizer (0, NPSBZn and NPSBZn+K), 3 common bean varieties (Hirna, Awash Melka, and Haromaya) and 2 moisture levels (30% SWC and 75% SWC) were arranged in CRD design with three replications. Results of the study showed that, morphological parameters such as leaf number, branch number and plant height were influenced by main and two-way interaction effect of varieties and moisture as well as fertilizer and varieties. But leaf area was influenced by three way interactions of variety, moisture and fertilizer levels. in addition, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, proline content, carbohydrate content, and grain yield were significantly influenced by three way interaction effects of variety, fertilizer and moisture levels. They showed significant decrement under drought stressed conditions. The supplementation of K significantly increased physiological, and yield parameters under drought stress conditions compared to NPSZnB alone and zero fertilizer level. From the result of this study it is indicated morpho-physiology and yield response of common bean varieties varied under water deficit conditions. Hirna and Haromaya performed well under water deficit than Awash Melka variety. Better performances were observed in terms of photosynthesis, water use efficiency, relative water content, and stomata conductance, proline and carbohydrate accumulation in Hirna and Haromaya under drought stress condition. Generally, it was concluded that application of K as a supplement to NPSBZn significantly increased drought stress tolerance and increased yield in all varieties as compared to other treatments. However, further research is needed in an open field condition with different rates of blended fertilizer on mass number of varieties before a generalized conclusion has been drawn.
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    EFFECTS OF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION AND SHOOT HARVESTING FREQUENCY ON THE REGROWTH OF SHOOT AND DEGENERATION OF ROOT OF WATER HYACINTH (Eichhornia crassipes) GROWN ON POT AT HAWASSA, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) YEDIDYA BIRATU DERESSA
    Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a perennial, herbaceous, free-floating, flowering, and invasive aquatic plant of the genus Eichhornia in the Pickerelwe family (Pontederiaceae). Recently, water hyacinth has been considered an invasive aquatic plant in Ethiopia. The main control methods of water hyacinth in Ethiopia are manual harvesting or weed removal by hand. The problem related to manual harvesting: there is no recommended harvesting schedule concerning the regeneration potential of the weed, and there is no integrated management practice. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting frequency on the regrowth of shoot and root degeneration of water hyacinth, to evaluate the response of water hyacinth to different rates of nitrogen fertilizer application, and to evaluate and determine the optimum harvesting frequency that degenerates the regrowth of shoot in water hyacinth under shade house conditions. The treatments comprised a factorial combination of six nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L -1 ) and four harvesting levels (unharvested, harvested once, harvested twice, and harvested thrice) with three replications. A total of 24 treatment combinations were formed. The pot experiment will be set out as a complete randomized design (CRD). The results revealed that all growth parameters were significantly influenced by the mean factor as well as the interaction. When it comes to root growth, the treatments with 0 and 20 mg L -1 nitrogen treated without harvest had the greatest root length, root diameter, and root number. All gas exchange parameters are also influenced by the interaction effect of the main factor, except leaf relative water potential and stomatal conductance, which are both only affected by the main effect. Chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll are only influenced by nitrogen fertilizer. Water hyacinth exposed to frequent harvesting significantly reduced all tested parameters except stolen production. The present result, therefore, indicates that 60 mg/L -1 nitrogen fertilizer is the best for the growth of water hyacinth and that harvesting frequency decreases the regrowth of shoots and degeneration of roots. Therefore, we recommend management practices that reduce water body's pollution and frequency of harvesting to degenerate the root of water hyacinth and its impact on the water bodies
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    Effect of Nitrogen and Intra Row Spacing on Growth and Head Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. capitata) at Bako Agricultural Polytechnic College, West Shewa, Ethiopia
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) CHIMDESSA WAKUMA GELDASSA
    Low soil fertility and spacing are considered as serious problems among several production limiting factors in cabbage crop production. Nitrogen is one of the critical plant nutrients in cabbage yield and its information in relation to plant spacing in the study area is very limited. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and intra row spacing on growth and head yield of cabbage under field conditions. Thus, field experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Polytechnic College, West Shewa zone of Oromia National and Regional state during the wet season of 2021/2022. The treatments consisted of four levels nitrogen rate (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and three intra row spacing (15, 25 and 35 cm) which were laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on phenology, growth and yield components of cabbage were collected and analysis of variance was done using SAS version 9.3. The results revealed that some of the growth and yield related parameters of cabbage were significantly influenced by rate of nitrogen and intra row spacing. Days to maturity, number of leaf before heading, plant height, head diameter, leaf area, above ground plant fresh weight, marketable weight, unmarketable weight, tota yield, dry matter and head firmness were very highly significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the treatment combination. The highest marktable head weight (80.40 t/ha) were obtained at the combination of 150 kg/ha nitrogen rate with 35 cm intra row spacing where as the lowest (33.00 t/ha) were recorded in plots that received no nitrogen rate with 15 cm intra row spacing. The highest (82.00 t/ha) and lowest (37.99 t/ha) total head yield was recorded by treatment combination of 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer with 35 cm intra row spacing and no nitrogen fertilizer rate with 25 cm intra row spacing, respectively. Larger leaf number before heading (15.67), longer plant height (35.97 cm), wider head diameter (17.84 cm) and wider leaf area (441.12 cm 2 ) were recorded at higher (150 kg/ha) nitrogen fertilizer rate. Plant height, head diameter, above ground plat fresh weight and marktable head weight were found superior at 35 cm intra row spacing. Result of current study shown that 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer rate and 35 cm intra row spacing can be used for higher marketable head yield of cabbage. But future study need to be designed to be carried out at different locations and seasons so as to come up with valid recommendation.
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    Effect of Green Bean-Sugarcane Intercropping on Growth and Yield Performance of Companion Crops at Omo Kuraz Sugar Project, South Omo Ethiopia
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2022) ABIY NEGESSE
    Sugarcane is a relatively long-duration crop planted on wider spaced rows with slow initial growth, during this period, much of the solar radiant energy and land is wasted and up to 70% of the land between cane rows is left unutilized. Effects of green bean-sugarcane intercropping trials were conducted to ascertain practicability of intercropping green bean and sugarcane under irrigated farming at Omo Kuraz Sugar Development Project. The study was initiated to evaluate the effect of intercropping of two green bean varieties with sugarcane and that are planted at two row planting space, on growth performance and yield of the two crops. Factorial experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on yield and yield contributing traits were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. The analysis of variance for marketable pod yield and phenological parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.01) among varieties and interactions of the factors. Amongst the two green bean varieties, variety plati gave the highest (7.6 t ha -1 ) pod yield as compared to that of variety B.C 4.4 which gave the lowest yield (1.75 t ha -1 ). Whereas the highest pod yield (8t ha -1 ) was recorded on the interaction of (variety plati, with 10cm planting space and sole cropped). On contrary the lowest pod yield (0.8 t ha -1 ) was recorded on the interaction of (variety B.C 4.4, with 15cm planting spacing and intercropped with sugarcane). The highest pod yield was recorded (5.108 t ha -1 ) on 10cm planting spacing, while (4.242 t ha -1 ) was recorded on 15cm planting spacing. However, the two planting spacing’s and cropping system showed no significant difference (p<0.05) on pod yield. Similarly the lowest pod yield (i.e., 4.858 t ha -1 ) and (4.492 t ha -1 ) was recorded on sole cropped green bean and intercropped with sugarcane respectively. Moreover, there was also significant difference (p<0.05) among cropping systems and varieties, in number of pod per plant. The highest number of pod per plant (32.33) was recorded on variety plati, followed by sole cropping system (29.25). Variety plati also scored the largest pod diameter (6.7mm) and pod length (11.45cm). Likewise, sugarcane tiller number found to be significantly (p<0.05) affected by intercropped planting spacing’s of green bean and cropping system. Accordingly, the highest (231,034 tiller number ha -1 ) and the lowest (143,214) tiller number ha -1 was recorded in sole sugarcane crop and intercropped crop respectively. Green bean planting space also showed a significant effect on sugarcane tiller number per plot (i.e., 103,189.7 in 10 cm and 183,237.6 in 15 cm spacing’s). However no significant difference was observed on mill able cane stalk number per hectare, single cane stalk weight, cane yield and sugar yield among varieties, spacing’s, cropping systems and there interaction. The result clearly highlighted that intercropping of sugarcane with green bean has no significant impact on crop yields of both crops and efficient land utilization advantage. Which subsequently confirms the technical viability/practicability of sugarcane-green bean intercrop under irrigated farming system Therefore, under irrigated farming system condition, variety plati with 15 cm spacing and 10cm can be recommended for green bean-sugarcane intercropping, and sole cropping system respectively at Omo Kura at Omo Kuraz Sugar Development Project.
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    GROWTH, REPRODUCTIVE AND YIELD RESPONSES AND OIL CONTENT OF ETHIOPIAN MUSTARD (Brassica carinata A. Braun) GENOTYPES AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) YENENESH TEFERA WOLDE
    Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is an important vegetable and oil seed crop in the highlands of Ethiopia. The crop has attracted a lot of interests in recent years due to its potential as a feedstock and as a biofuel crop. However, there are little research effort towards the crop in terms of productivity and optimized agronomic requirements. The seed and oil yield of the crop is constrained by a number of factors among which the growing climate is the paramount factor. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted at three locations with varying altitudes to investigate the impact of altitude on phenology, reproduction, growth, yield and oil content of 11 Brassica carinata genotypes. The study was conducted from January 2011 to June 2011, at three altitudes i.e. high (Bale Goba, 2743 masl), mid (Arsi Negele, 2043 masl) and low (Dilla, 1416 masl)) under irrigated condition using 11genotyp of Brassica carinata which resulted in 33 treatments. The factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized (CRD) design with three replications as pot experiment in a controlled edaphic condition. Data were collected on phenological and reproductive traits, growth parameters, yield and yield related traits and oil content. The result of the study revealed that interactions between altitude and genotype very highly significantly (p<0.0001) influenced all characters, except number of leaves per plant and pod length which were only influenced by the main factors. Increasing the altitude from low to high delayed the time for all the studied phenological traits. As a result, the number of days for 50% emergence, 50% flowering and 90% maturity were increased from 6.33 to 17.67, 50 to 107.33 and 92.67 to 147 respectively and the earliest genotypes to attain days to 50% emergence and days to50% flowering were 23601 respectively. The genotype to attain shortest days to maturity (92.67 days) was genotype 21338 at lower altitude. Reproductive traits showed an increase with increasing altitude. Hence the highest flower number per plant (218.6) was attained from genotype 23601 at higher altitude. Similarly Yield and yield components are also increased with increasing altitude. The maximum seed yield per hectare (194556Kg) was recorded from genotype 23601 at high altitude followed by the genotypes 202488(1538.89Kg) and 215187(1503.33Kg) at mid altitude. The highest oil percentage (41.79%) was recorded from genotype yellow dodolla at the same altitude. Hence, from the result it can be concluded that, high and mid altitudes respectively were appropriate to maximize Brassica carinata seed and oil yield. However, since the experiment was done only for one season and with limited number of genotypes repeating the experiment over different seasons with more number of genotypes at field condition will be demanding to come up with plausible recommendation.
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    CASSAVA PRODUCTION PRACTICES, UTILIZATION AND EVALUATION AS INGREDIENT FOR INJERA MAKING AT AMARO AND OFFA DISTRICTS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) SHIFERAW BOGALE MANDOYE
    Cassava is commonly known as the poor man’s crop and emerging as dominant staple and alternative food security crop in southern Ethiopia. However, limited research has been done so far for identifying suitability variety as ingredient for injera making. Therefore, household survey and laboratory analysis experiment were conducted to determine farmer’s practices in selecting suitable cassava variety with its ratio as ingredient of injera making. Based on the survey result laboratory analysis was conducted with different ratio of cassava blended with teff to verify the farmer’s practice. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondent households. The survey result revealed that Qulle (20.8%), Kello (12.5%) and both Qulle and Kello (70%) were identified as the common cassava varieties in the study area. The household reported that, yield, maturity earliness, resistance to disease and pest (53.3%) are the major criteria for selecting the variety. About 45% of the respondent were used 40 to 60 ratio of cassava with teff followed (38.3%) by 50 to 50 as ingredient of injera. During the laboratory analysis, two cassava varieties (Qulle and Kello) and five blending ratios (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of cassva with teff were tested in Randomized Completed Design with three replications. Teff with 100% was used as a control. The result revealed that, cassava varieties and blending ratio had significant effect on protein, fiber, fat, ash and cyanide content while non-significant effect on moisture and carbohydrate, respectively. Higher protein, fiber and fat, ash content was recorded from 90% teff with 10% Qulle and Kello variety. The result further explained that, as cassava proportion were increased; protein, fat, ash and fiber content decreased but moisture and carbohydrate content were increase. Composite injera with 50% of Kello variety has highest cyanide content (0.48mg/100g) than that of Qulle. Higher score of acceptability for texture (7.23%), sourness (7.56%), aroma (7.58%) and taste (7.33%) were recorded from 10% of Kello variety than Qulle. Therefore, it can be concluded that, for cassava-teff injera preparation mixing the cassava up to 30% is found to be acceptable. Further research should be done in cassava starch characterization as the staling and less eye formation are the major traits to be improved for increasing the quality of injera prepared from teff mixed with cassava.
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    MORPHO - PHYSIOLOGICAL BASED SCREENING OF SWEETPOTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.) VARIETIES FOR MOISTURE STRESS CONDITION AT HAWASSA, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University College of Agriculture, 2021) SERKALEM ESHETU G/WOLD
    Sweetpotato is one of the potential root and tuber crop playing major role in food security due to its high yielding and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. However, various constraints like biotic and abiotic factors reported for the low productivity of the crop. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate sweetpotato varieties morpho-physiological characters under different irrigation interval in shade house condition at Hawassa, Ethiopia from October to March, 2019/20. The treatment were comprised of a factorial combination of three sweetpotato varieties (NASPOT 12 O, Kulfo and Dilla) and four irrigation intervals (daily, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days) in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data on morpho-physiological and yield parameters were collected. The result revealed that, main effect of varieties and irrigation interval has a significant effect on vine length, leaf temperature and vine fresh weights. Leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total (TC), maximum quantum yield, proline content, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, IWUE, RLWC, tuber fresh weight, total biomass and tuber number were significantly influenced due to interaction effect of two main factors. Most of parameters were significantly reduced with increased irrigation interval except Proline content and leaf temperature. Maximum tuber fresh weight (700 g) was recorded from NASPOT 12 O as compared to Dilla (533.33 g) and Kulfo (233.33 g) varieties. In the case of physiological response NASPOT 12 O treated with daily irrigation gave maximum concentration of chlorophyll a, b and total (TC), Photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomata conductance in leaf as compared to other varieties. The maximum proline content was observed from variety “NASPOT 12 O” with 21 days irrigation interval whereas; the minimum was from all varieties with daily, seven and fourteen days irrigation which was statistically similar. Dilla and NASPOT 12 O varieties had better relative leaf water content as irrigation interval increases but variety Kulfo show strong reduction. It can be concluded that, Variety “NASPOT 12 O” was considered to be more tolerant as compared to other varieties. This is, therefore, NASPOT 12 O with 7 days irrigation interval recommended and in areas where moisture is a limiting factor NASPOT 12 O varieties with 14 days irrigation interval might be recommended for small scale farmers. Consequently, further research is needed for morphological and physiological responses under different varieties and water stress under open field condition before a generalized conclusion can be drawn.