College of Social Sciences and Humanities

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The College of Social Sciences and Humanities promotes teaching, research, and community engagement in social sciences, humanities, languages, and cultural studies.

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    EXAMINING FACTORS, PATTERNS AND TREATMENTS OF CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM IN CASE OF YIRGALEM CORRECTIONAL CENTER, SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-08) FREZER CHANIYALEW
    The aim of this study was to explore factors and treatments of recidivism in yirgalem correctional center, Sidama National Regional State. The study was guided by a life course, differential association and labeling theoretical framework. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Census survey or complete enumeration was employed and entire recidivists (i.e. 114 respondents) were involved in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted with one female and four male recidivists. Also, key informant interviews were conducted with one prison official and three correction professionals (i.e. psychologist, legal officer and academic teacher) working at the correctional center. The data collected by quantitative method was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages, frequencies, bar charts, pie charts and cross-tabulation, and chi- square test analysis of inferential statistics. The data collected by the qualitative method was analyzed thematically. The findings suggested that most ex-offenders reoffended due to individual characteristics such as gender, age, occupation, marital status, monthly income, and drug abuse. Some others reoffend due to correctional institution related factors such as shortening of time spent in correctional center, and criminal peers and their influences. Likewise, stigmatization/social exclusion, unemployment, lack of economic support, housing problem and ex-criminal peers post release were identified as community related factors for recidivism. Also, crime against property (economic crime), particularly theft, was the most dominant crime type in the study area. Regarding prisoners’ treatments, the study pointed out ineffective rehabilitation and reformation activities due to unrealized treatment programs such as formal education, vocational training, counseling services, and also due to the existence of maltreatment. In conclusion, individual, correctional institution, community related factors were contributory for recidivism and ineffective prisoners’ treatments were substantial input for reoffending. Lastly the study recommended policy implications.
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    AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: THE CASE OF BONA ZURIA WOREDA, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-12) ABIRHAM ATINAFU
    Domestic violence is a social issue that affects many women worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is usually expressed psychologically, economically, physically, and sexually forms of domestic abuse by close partners. This study is about understanding various causes and consequences of the domestic abuse of women. The main objective of this paper is to assessing domestic violence against women using the case of Bona Zuria Woreda, Sidama Region. The study employed a descriptive research design that includes both qualitative and quantitative research approaches to assess domestic violence against women. The sample was selected random and purposive sampling system. Concerning data sources, both primary and secondary data sources were employed. To collect necessary and relevant information various instruments were used. These include key informants; FGD and interviews with married women in three study kebeles. Beyond this, a total of 372 respondents participated in the study, along with three key informants, and focused group desiccation, each selected kebele contains two groups, and each group has six participants. The data were analyzed using the descriptive method where data from interviews were transcribed into plain text and grouped into themes. The findings show that husband who are economically, physically, and sexually abusive are also more likely to be psychologically abusive. In the study area, most of the respondents had a low level of knowledge regarding domestic violence and the majority of respondents experienced psychological domestic violence. In this study, economic matters and lack of formal education were identified as the main causes of domestic violence. As the finding result of the study indicates, most victimized women are affected psychologically, which goes strong mental disturbance and depression. The researcher concludes the study, that the special investigation systems that take into consideration the high elevated level of women to domestic violence should also be designed. Therefore, organizing different symposiums and campaigns, educating society about gender equality, and domestic violence, and creating awareness can be useful in fighting future violence against women.
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    FRAMING THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEWS BY BBC AND RT WORLD.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) WORKNESH BEGNA
    Nowadays, news organizations are settled in the heart of conflict zones and have been crucial players in informing the public and shaping its understanding of specific issues. The military conflict between Russia and Ukraine is happening in the military as well as in the information sphere. Leaning on the media outlet, its audiences see a very different picture of the war. This study examined how the BBC and RT portrayed the war between Russia and Ukraine, covering the first month of the war. The general objective of the study is to explore how the BBC and RT media outlets are framing the war between Russia and Ukraine in their daily news reports posted on their official websites. The research employed a comparative analysis of the portrayal of the warring countries in Western and Russian media. The research employed a qualitative research approach and an exploratory research design. Some 52 website news stories from both, 26 from each medium, were selected using the purposive sampling method. Framing theory and agenda setting theory were used to guide and interpret the findings. Both news media have different perspectives and framings of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war. From the beginning, BBC News calls it a ‘war’ or an ‘invasion’, while RT News calls it a ‘special military operation’. The BBC condemned the Russian aggression, while RT claimed that Russia was defending its national interests and security. The result of the analysis revealed that there were noticeable differences in the choice of frames for reporting refugees, civilians, and military fatalities between both media under study. BBC news stories were mostly about Ukraine, whereas RT News stories mostly narrate the Russian government announcements and offer their justifications. Analysis revealed that the most dominant frames used in the BBC were the military conflict frames, human interest frames, and geopolitical conflict frames, whereas RT used predominantly justification frames, attribution of responsibility frames, and military aid frames. BBC News and RT News portrayed Ukraine's war differently, with BBC News describing it as an illegal invasion by Russia, while RT News defended Russia's security interests. The researcher recommends that BBC and RT World enhance their portrayal of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict by offering diverse, credible information, avoiding misinformation, and upholding professional standards and ethical principles.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE CONFLICT REPORTING BY SRTA AND VOA: THE CASE OF KORE AND GUJI ETHNIC GROUPS CONFLICT IN ETHIOPIA.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) TEMESGEN MENESHA
    Conflict is a multifaceted issue that has plagued several regions of Ethiopia in recent years. Conflict has been a source of tension and instability, leading to displacement, loss of life, and economic disruption. The media can play a crucial role in shaping public opinion regarding conflicts. This study examines conflict reporting by the South Radio and Television Agency and Voice of America Rdio on recently developing conflicts between Kore and Guji ethnic groups. Due to the significant escalation of conflict between groups during the period between the end of 2021 and 2022, the researcher chose to focus specifically on the period from January 1, 2022, to July 30, 2022. To this end, there were three research questions, i.e., what is the extent of coverage? What sources are used by the two media outlets in reporting? What are the major types of frames used in the coverage? The study followed a descriptive research design and employed a mixed research method. The study used purposive sampling techniques, which means, the sampled media, the media contents, key informants, and the period were purposively selected. Content analysis and interviews are the major data collection tools. The data was analyzed through quantitative and qualitative techniques. Agenda setting and framing theories were used, as guidance to analyze media coverage, identify sources of stories, and determine the types of framing used by both media outlets. Both media outlets broadcasted a total of 25 news stories about the Kore-Guji conflict. SRTA relies more on government officials as sources, while VOA sources its stories from conflict victims, officials, and conflicting groups, providing a comprehensive understanding. The study revealed that conflict reporting, particularly by regional media outlets, displayed a lack of responsibility. They were found to withhold information about the conflict and not disclose the truth, essentially functioning as an extension of the government in efforts to restore peace in the area, and both outlets tend to bury important information. The study recommended that media outlets should improve their coverage by conducting in-depth investigations and delving deeper into stories. It should be crucial for professional journalists to provide accurate information without immediately assigning blame, and to refrain from using techniques that bury significant details. Recognizing and addressing the role of the media in conflict reporting should be an early consideration in any intervention.
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    THE ROLE OF FM RADIO FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF YESILTI AGNOT PROGRAM AT ASELLA FANA FM 90.0
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-06) Halil Amza (GPJMCR/0005/12)
    This study aims to explore the role of FM radio in social development, focusing on the case study of Asella Fana FM 90.0 Yesilti Agnot Radio Program (YARP). The study draws upon communication for development, social change, and participatory communication theories to understand the impact of FM radio on development. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing interviews and content analysis as data collection tools. The findings of the study reveal that YARP produces various social development programs. These programs play a crucial role in promoting social change and development within the community. FM radio serves as a powerful medium for disseminating information, fostering dialogue, and engaging the public in participatory processes. Through its programming, YARP addresses a wide range of social issues such as education, health, gender equality, political participation and the likes. The study highlights the significance of FM radio in facilitating social development by providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard, promoting community engagement, and fostering social cohesion. It demonstrates how FM radio can contribute to empowering individuals and communities by providing access to information, promoting cultural diversity, and encouraging active citizenship. Overall, this study emphasizes the vital role of FM radio in social development and underscores the importance of utilizing communication for development approaches to maximize its potential. By harnessing the power of FM radio as a tool for social change, communities can be empowered to address their own developmental challenges and work towards sustainable development.
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    JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) ABADI KAHSAY
    The mass media, most significantly through its news, reporting, and analysis, affects what and how we learn about reality, hidden facts, and political views. Investigative journalism has been contributing to the realization of democracy, good governance, and human rights. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyses the practice and challenges of investigative journalism in the South Radio and Television Agency’s Neqash Program. The target population of the study was managers, editor-in-chiefs, editors, senior reporters, media experts, and producers. The researcher employed a descriptive research method. The research approach of the study was qualitative. To get relevant information, qualitative content analysis of sample news stories, and key informant interviews were applied as specific methods in the study. Regarding the Neqash programme, the result of the study showed that it is attempting to practice investigative journalism, although it is in an early stage. Neqash program primarily focuses on government institutions like land issues, corruption, and irregularities to promote good governance and democracy. It also relies on society, government bodies, and secondary sources like documents. The study also identified that lack of qualified journalists who were committed to this assignment, lack of logistics, lack of adequate training, organizational pressure, external interference such as political and financial, absence of incentives for investigative journalists, absence of protection for the journalist, and poor public participation as a source of information are the major challenges while practicing investigative journalism in the station, in particular the Neqash program.
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    POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-12) MARGIE FENTA BAYE
    The government of Ethiopia has been running the Rural Productive Safety Net Program (RPSNP) since 2005. RPSNP is one means of reducing rural poverty. Thus, this study aims to examine the contribution of RPSNP in enhancing female-headed households’ food security and asset building in Goncha Siso Ense woreda, Amhara region. The researcher used mixed concurrent research approach to analyze both qualitative and quantitative data. It also used a cross-sectional research design. Both primary and secondary data were employed. Descriptive statistics and the econometric model were applied for analyzing quantitative data. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors that affect households' food security. Paired T-test was used to assess the contribution of RPSNP to the asset accumulation of the household.The findings of the study show that the main selection criterion of beneficiary of the productive safety net program was the amount of farmland available and livestock owned in the household 41.8%, 30.6% respectively. The results indicate that the main type of support from a program was monetary support in the form of cash. The majority of (67.4%) households were improved their current food security status after RPSNP intervention as compared to before RPSNP intervention. In the same way, after joining RPSNP, the livestock holdings, housing quality, farm equipment, and house equipment of these households increased. However, the main challenges of RPSNP implementation were found to be the lack of community participation in public work activities, delay in payment, and distance of payment from Kebele. The binary logistic regression models also showed that household size, farmland size, agricultural input, income, age, livestock, family labor, and agricultural shock significantly affected household food security. Finally, the study recommends that each female headed household should be encouraged to participate in non farm activities, and agricultural extension workers should introduce land-intensive agricultural production technologies.
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    CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONGSMALLHOLDERFARMERSINSIDAMAREGION,SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA MATHESIS.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-10-28) KEREYUKEBEDEMARASSA
    Climate information services (CIS) play a crucial role in climate adaptation strategies by mitigating climate-related risks and assisting smallholder farmers in their decision-making. This study explored the current status of CIS and the factors affecting its utilization among smallholder farmers in the Sidama region of Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach was used, which included household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Multi-sampling techniques were utilized to select woredas, kebeles, and households, with three woredas chosen purposively based on agro-ecological criteria and six kebeles selected through simple random sampling. A systematic random sampling method was applied to gather data from 384 households. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, qualitatively analysis, chi-square tests, and a binary logistic regression model. The results indicated a moderate overall status of CIS in the study area, with 50.8% of farmers having access to these services, though utilization of CIS was low only 33.9% actively utilized them. The primary sources of CIS included agricultural extension officers, radio, television, mobile phones, peer farmers, and village leaders. Access to and use of climate information services (CIS) differ considerably among the agro-ecological zones. In the Kolla zone, around 39.6% of households make use of CIS, whereas the Woinadega zone has a lower engagement rate of 36.9%, and the Dega zone trails further behind, with only 18.9% of households utilizing these services. The study reveals that climate information services (CIS) significantly enhance farm management decisions among smallholder farmers. The main factors determining the utilization of CIS among smallholder farmers included education level, age, size of the farm, availability of credit, access to extension services, weather information, social protection services, income level, market access, and trust in the information provided. To enhance productivity, stakeholders such as the government, meteorological agencies, and agricultural extension services should focus on improving the availability, accessibility, reliability, and utilization of CIS.
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    ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN HADERO TUNTO ZURIA WOREDA, KAMBATA ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA REGION.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) Deselegn Dunamo
    The purpose of the study was to assess the practice and challenges of soil management for rehabilitating degraded land in sampled kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda, Kambata Zone, and Centeral Ethiopia Region. The subjects of the study were 151 survey households’ heads, 16 focused group discussants and 2 natural resource experts and 10 key informants 2 development agents. Totally 181 respondents were participated in this study. Descriptive research design with mixed research approach was employed. Questionnaire, interview, personal observation and focused group discussion were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data was analyzed by frequency, percentage and one sampled t-test while qualitative data was analyzed by descriptive narration. It was generalized traditional land management was practiced in a better way in Mugunga and Homa Kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda. Both physical and biological traditional land management were practiced in study area. The effects of soil management in study area were crop yields increased, soil erosion prevent, soil-water retention improved, productivity of land enhanced, biophysical aspect of land improved, income of farmers increased, fodder for animals obtained and soil fertility improvement. It known that practice traditional land management was not easy and straight forward but was challenged by lack of co-ordination of key stakeholders, limited technical assistance from agricultural office experts, conservativeness of farmers to adopt additional advice than their indigenous knowledge, declinations of farmland size to adopt their indigenous knowledge. Recommendation forwarded were, Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda should make farmers to practice traditional land management together with modern land management to reduce the challenges of technical aspect, physical soil conservation should be constructed at far vertical interval and by focusing on stabilization conservational structures because land size in study area decreased from time to time and farmers and agricultural office experts should work in a coordinated way.
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    ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN HADERO TUNTO ZURIA WOREDA, KAMBATA ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA REGION.
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) Deselegn Dunamo
    The purpose of the study was to assess the practice and challenges of soil management for rehabilitating degraded land in sampled kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda, Kambata Zone, and Centeral Ethiopia Region. The subjects of the study were 151 survey households’ heads, 16 focused group discussants and 2 natural resource experts and 10 key informants 2 development agents. Totally 181 respondents were participated in this study. Descriptive research design with mixed research approach was employed. Questionnaire, interview, personal observation and focused group discussion were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data was analyzed by frequency, percentage and one sampled t-test while qualitative data was analyzed by descriptive narration. It was generalized traditional land management was practiced in a better way in Mugunga and Homa Kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda. Both physical and biological traditional land management were practiced in study area. The effects of soil management in study area were crop yields increased, soil erosion prevent, soil-water retention improved, productivity of land enhanced, biophysical aspect of land improved, income of farmers increased, fodder for animals obtained and soil fertility improvement. It known that practice traditional land management was not easy and straight forward but was challenged by lack of co-ordination of key stakeholders, limited technical assistance from agricultural office experts, conservativeness of farmers to adopt additional advice than their indigenous knowledge, declinations of farmland size to adopt their indigenous knowledge. Recommendation forwarded were, Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda should make farmers to practice traditional land management together with modern land management to reduce the challenges of technical aspect, physical soil conservation should be constructed at far vertical interval and by focusing on stabilization conservational structures because land size in study area decreased from time to time and farmers and agricultural office experts should work in a coordinated way.
Academic and research outputs of the College of Social Sciences and Humanities.