College of Social Sciences and Humanities
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The College of Social Sciences and Humanities promotes teaching, research, and community engagement
in social sciences, humanities, languages, and cultural studies.
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Item CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONGSMALLHOLDERFARMERSINSIDAMAREGION,SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA MATHESIS.(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-10-28) KEREYUKEBEDEMARASSAClimate information services (CIS) play a crucial role in climate adaptation strategies by mitigating climate-related risks and assisting smallholder farmers in their decision-making. This study explored the current status of CIS and the factors affecting its utilization among smallholder farmers in the Sidama region of Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach was used, which included household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Multi-sampling techniques were utilized to select woredas, kebeles, and households, with three woredas chosen purposively based on agro-ecological criteria and six kebeles selected through simple random sampling. A systematic random sampling method was applied to gather data from 384 households. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, qualitatively analysis, chi-square tests, and a binary logistic regression model. The results indicated a moderate overall status of CIS in the study area, with 50.8% of farmers having access to these services, though utilization of CIS was low only 33.9% actively utilized them. The primary sources of CIS included agricultural extension officers, radio, television, mobile phones, peer farmers, and village leaders. Access to and use of climate information services (CIS) differ considerably among the agro-ecological zones. In the Kolla zone, around 39.6% of households make use of CIS, whereas the Woinadega zone has a lower engagement rate of 36.9%, and the Dega zone trails further behind, with only 18.9% of households utilizing these services. The study reveals that climate information services (CIS) significantly enhance farm management decisions among smallholder farmers. The main factors determining the utilization of CIS among smallholder farmers included education level, age, size of the farm, availability of credit, access to extension services, weather information, social protection services, income level, market access, and trust in the information provided. To enhance productivity, stakeholders such as the government, meteorological agencies, and agricultural extension services should focus on improving the availability, accessibility, reliability, and utilization of CIS.Item ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN HADERO TUNTO ZURIA WOREDA, KAMBATA ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA REGION.(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) Deselegn DunamoThe purpose of the study was to assess the practice and challenges of soil management for rehabilitating degraded land in sampled kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda, Kambata Zone, and Centeral Ethiopia Region. The subjects of the study were 151 survey households’ heads, 16 focused group discussants and 2 natural resource experts and 10 key informants 2 development agents. Totally 181 respondents were participated in this study. Descriptive research design with mixed research approach was employed. Questionnaire, interview, personal observation and focused group discussion were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data was analyzed by frequency, percentage and one sampled t-test while qualitative data was analyzed by descriptive narration. It was generalized traditional land management was practiced in a better way in Mugunga and Homa Kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda. Both physical and biological traditional land management were practiced in study area. The effects of soil management in study area were crop yields increased, soil erosion prevent, soil-water retention improved, productivity of land enhanced, biophysical aspect of land improved, income of farmers increased, fodder for animals obtained and soil fertility improvement. It known that practice traditional land management was not easy and straight forward but was challenged by lack of co-ordination of key stakeholders, limited technical assistance from agricultural office experts, conservativeness of farmers to adopt additional advice than their indigenous knowledge, declinations of farmland size to adopt their indigenous knowledge. Recommendation forwarded were, Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda should make farmers to practice traditional land management together with modern land management to reduce the challenges of technical aspect, physical soil conservation should be constructed at far vertical interval and by focusing on stabilization conservational structures because land size in study area decreased from time to time and farmers and agricultural office experts should work in a coordinated way.Item ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN HADERO TUNTO ZURIA WOREDA, KAMBATA ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA REGION.(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) Deselegn DunamoThe purpose of the study was to assess the practice and challenges of soil management for rehabilitating degraded land in sampled kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda, Kambata Zone, and Centeral Ethiopia Region. The subjects of the study were 151 survey households’ heads, 16 focused group discussants and 2 natural resource experts and 10 key informants 2 development agents. Totally 181 respondents were participated in this study. Descriptive research design with mixed research approach was employed. Questionnaire, interview, personal observation and focused group discussion were used as data collection tools. Quantitative data was analyzed by frequency, percentage and one sampled t-test while qualitative data was analyzed by descriptive narration. It was generalized traditional land management was practiced in a better way in Mugunga and Homa Kebeles of Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda. Both physical and biological traditional land management were practiced in study area. The effects of soil management in study area were crop yields increased, soil erosion prevent, soil-water retention improved, productivity of land enhanced, biophysical aspect of land improved, income of farmers increased, fodder for animals obtained and soil fertility improvement. It known that practice traditional land management was not easy and straight forward but was challenged by lack of co-ordination of key stakeholders, limited technical assistance from agricultural office experts, conservativeness of farmers to adopt additional advice than their indigenous knowledge, declinations of farmland size to adopt their indigenous knowledge. Recommendation forwarded were, Hadero Tunto Zuria Woreda should make farmers to practice traditional land management together with modern land management to reduce the challenges of technical aspect, physical soil conservation should be constructed at far vertical interval and by focusing on stabilization conservational structures because land size in study area decreased from time to time and farmers and agricultural office experts should work in a coordinated way.Item URBAN LAND EXPROPRIATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF PERI-URBAN AREA OF KOMBOLCHA, NORTHEAST ETHIOPIA(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) MOHAMMED SEID EBRAHIMLand expropriation for urban development becomes a hot issue due to rapid urbanization. While expropriation can facilitate urban development, balancing urban expansion with welfare of evicted community is important. This study explores the practice of land expropriation and its impact on local community in the peri-urban area of Kombolcha, Northeast Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, the study used primary data collection methods such as observation, semi structured interview and focus group discussions. The finding revealed that acquisition of land for urban expansion was undertaken without timely notification, inadequate prior public consultation, and exclusion of evicted community from decision-making regarding valuation and compensation. This hinders the affected individuals from effectively preparing and speaking about their rights. The compensation process also looks inconsistent and delay payment, incompletely income assessed, inadequate consideration of some individuals and communal assets, leaving affected households with little influence over the process. The nature of implementation, along with the devastating loss of their lands negatively influences their perceptions towards expropriation. However, the study revealed that the community may collaborate if some pre-conditions are fulfilled. The finding also indicated that expropriation exposes the evicted groups to several socioeconomic challenges including displacement from their livelihoods, loss of income and jobs, which further worsen by inconsistence compensation and lack of comprehensive entrepreneurial training. The social challenges includes erosion of long-standing social networks and established mutual working and support systems, like Jige and Iddir associations. Additionally, the expropriation widens the social class gap by stripping people of their landholding status. The study also revealed that expropriation affects the provisioning services of environment. Thus, the study recommends that ensuring effectiveness of established expropriation proclamations and minimizes widening effect of expropriation needs consideration, unless it may raises concerns over procedural fairness and legitimacy of the process.Item THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF INDUCED ABORTION AMONG THE WOMEN OF WOLAITA SODO TOWN, SOUTH ETHIOPIA REGIONAL STATE(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) DIANA WADILO WANAThe social and psychological experiences of women after induced abortion are challenging. However, there is a lack of information about the experience of women who encountered induced abortion in southern Ethiopia, specifically in Wolaita Sodo town. This study was conducted with the objective of investigating the lived experiences of women who engaged in induced abortion among the women of Wolaita Sodo town. To this end, a qualitative study was employed. Women with the experience of induced abortion were included in the study until information saturation was reached. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data were collected through interviews using focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), in-depth interviews, observation, and case studies. Regarding data analysis, the study followed the steps of social phenomenology. The findings of the study show the interplay of religious beliefs, societal values, community perceptions, and attitudes towards abortion practice, revealing a spectrum of responses influenced by cultural and generational divides. Many of the women undergo induced abortion without being emotionally prepared, driven by the fear of societal stigma and the pressure to meet societal expectations. They often do this in secrecy, hurriedly, in constrained environments, and, worst of all, under unprofessional guidance. The women prefer death over being mocked by society. The societal moral rule of not killing the baby is effectively taking a grown woman's life, exacerbating risks, some of which are life-threatening and others irreversible. Additionally, the blame and expectations fall solely on the women, making them bear the guilt. Health workers, women of childbearing age, and young unmarried women need to work together to discuss how to control unplanned pregnancies, avoid judgment, and listen to one another. Guidance and counseling services in hospitals are recommended.Item THE ROLES AND CHALLENGES OF YOUTHS IN BUILDING SOCIAL COHESION IN SHASHEMENE, WEST ARSI, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) AWRARIS GIRMAThis study examines youths’ positive roles in building social cohesion in Bulchana Woreda of Shashemene city. The study shows the positive roles of youths in building social cohesion beyond youths roles in peace building which is one of the five dimensions of social cohesion. The study employed qualitative approach along with ethnographic research design. The data was collected using observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion and utilized thematic method of data analysis. The study shows youths’ involved in voluntary activities that foster civic culture, social order, social solidarity, social network and place attachment in the society. The study finding shows youths involved in feeding, visiting, renewing house, buying medicine, sanitary products, food oil and floor for helpless people and by enrolling children of helpless into education. Youths also donate blood, create awareness about tax payment, join militia groups, involved in peace discussion and organize peace programs. Additionally, they are involved in summer voluntary teaching, in cleaning their environment and in sport events. Youths’ helpfulness and society’s cooperation are the social factors that contributed for youths’ involvement in the activities of fostering social cohesion. Lack of permanent support and funding and unemployment are the factors that affect youths’ involvement in voluntary activities that foster social cohesion. Therefore, local government should have to provide permanent support and funding and foster different programs to address youths’ challenge in building social cohesion in the Woreda.Item AN ASSESSMENT OF CHILD PROTECTION SERVICES AT ONE STOP CENTER (OSC) HAWASSA UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) SIMEGN W/YOHANESAccording to WHO child abuse is defined as all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, development, or dignity. It is a serious and devastating problem not just in Africa, but the world over; however, the number of children on the continent who are abused has always been underestimated. States are the primary responsible body for the protection of children. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess child protection services at One Stop Center (OSC) at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital. The ecological system theory is used as a theoretical framework to guide the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Likewise, a qualitative research method was employed to collect data. The findings of the study were analyzed using thematic analysis. The result found out that the center provides medical, psyco-social, and legal support to the child who came with the sexual, physical and emotional abused. The center provides the aforementioned services for victim children free of charge except medical services. The current study revealed that one stop centers is the center where health practitioners, police and social workers coordinate closely to improve the health, safety, and well-being of survivors of sexual, physical, and emotional violence. The mechanisms devised by the one stop center to handle maltreated children include prioritizing the immediate safety of the child; utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach; enhancing the education and capabilities of staff; implementing preventative initiatives and community partnerships; establishing referral processes and additional services. However, this study disclosed that the child protection system multifaceted challenges is system including limited resources, insufficient funding, lack of access to free medical services and Limited availability of shelters especially for male child victims. which is posing barriers to providing holistic care for child survivor. The study recommends that a lot remains to be done to ensure funding this includes financial resources for free medical services, establishment of temporary shelter especially male survivors, immediate crisis intervention, awareness creation and partnership with stakeholders so as to provide comprehensive quality services at the centeItem SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-EFFICACY AND PEER PRESSURE AS A PREDICTOR OF CAREER DECISION MAKING AMONG RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SHASHEMANE CAMPUS.(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) EMAL MUDE WABEThe major objective of this study was to explore self-esteem, self-efficacy, and peer pressure as predictors of career decision-making among Rift Valley University regular students Shashemane campus. 332 respondents (225 males and 107 females) were randomly selected to fill out the questionnaires. Additionally, 15 key informants (from academic staff) were purposely selected for interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The study used a cross-sectional research design, and the data were obtained using an adapted general self-efficacy scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and peer-pressure questionnaires from previously conducted studies, career decision-making scale measures, and leading questions for interviews and FGD as data-gathering instruments. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis procedures. Thus, descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlation, multiple linear regressions, ANOVA, and t-test) were conducted. The findings from regressions analysis showed that peer pressure is the most significant predictor of career decision-making. Self-efficacy and self-esteem also predict career decision-making, but to a lesser degree, the result of ANOVA indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in the score on career decision-making among students’ fields of study, and an independent sample t- test result shows that there is no statistically significant difference between males and females in career decision-making. Based on the findings it’s concluded, that students are more likely to accept career advice from peers they trust than relying on their self-efficacy and self-esteem. Rather than focusing on the students fields of study and gender, it is better to focus on other variables that are not included in this study. Finally it’s recommended that in order to help students make the best career decisions, parents, the university's concerned body, should come up with career activities and life skill training that will change students’ attitudes towards issues challenging their career decision-making abilities.Item THE PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION AT HAWASSA UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN FOCUS(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) MEDANIT BERISOEffective health communication plays a crucial role in promoting reproductive health outcomes, particularly in hospital settings. This study investigates the practice and challenges of health communication within Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, focusing on reproductive health. It examines what kind of communication strategies have been employed in the hospital and whether the communication strategies were effective in promoting and creating awareness about reproductive health. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and observations, and subjects were selected from the study population using purposive sampling techniques and by setting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected from healthcare providers, administrators, and clients. A total of 266 clients seeking reproductive health services participated in the survey; 12 clients, 7 health providers, and 2 administrative staff participated in the interview. The findings highlight both positive aspects and challenges in health communication practices, including the implementation of client-centered communication strategies, patient education initiatives, and the integration of cultural sensitivity. However, significant challenges, such as the use of various communication channels, language barriers, limited resources, and inadequate training for healthcare providers, were identified. The study underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to enhance the effectiveness of health communication strategies and ultimately improve reproductive health outcomes in hospital settings. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, hospital administrators, and healthcare providers to optimize health communication practices and overcome existing challenges.Item A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDIA FRAMING OF THE 2023 EOC SCHISM: NEWS BY OMN AND ESAT IN FOCUS(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) LEALT ABEBEThe media plays a pivotal role in shaping public perception and understanding of the events. In the context of religious crises, media framing becomes particularly significant. This study presents a comparative analysis of media framing of the 2023 Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC). The main objective was to analyze how the media in Ethiopia framed the church‟s‟ Schism from a comparative perspective. Two private-owned media outlets, ESAT Television and OMN Television, were purposefully selected to examine their use of frames in reporting the dispute between the EOC and a breakaway group of archbishops who formed a separate synod in the Oromia region. The study analyzed 54 news stories (27 from ESAT and 27 from OMN) posted between January 22, 2023, and February 16, 2023. Framing theory and agenda setting were employed as the theoretical framework, and a qualitative content analysis approach was used to address the research objective. The findings indicate that both media outlets used various framing techniques, but vii with distinct differences. ESAT predominantly employed a conflict frame, censorship, human interest frame while OMN used Solidarity, attribution of responsibility, cultural frame. ESAT also used attribution of responsibility as the second dominant frame, whereas OMN used it as the third dominant frame. Censorship frame was the fifth dominant frame in ESAT's coverage, and policy frame the fourth in OMN's. Additionally, ESAT utilized Conflict between religious factions and security forces Frame as the third dominant frame, which was absent in OMN's reporting. The study also found that the two media outlets relied on different sources of information in their news reports. ESAT primarily used direct quotes from the Holy Synod and government office notices, while OMN largely sourced information from the alleged “new synod” spokesperson and Oromo scholars and experts.