College of Law and Governance
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The College of Law and Governance is dedicated to education, research, and public service
in law, governance, public policy, and institutional development.
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Item CONTRIBUTION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGES FOR IMAGE BUILDING: REVIEWING THE ETHIOPIAN EXPERIENCE(2020-06) Belete Sisay TekieTourism infrastructure is the basis of tourism development and utilization of existing destination resources. So, the main purpose of this study was to assess the “Contribution of Historical Heritages for Image Building: Reviewing the Ethiopian experience. The design of the study was descriptive and has employed qualitative research approaches. The data collection instruments were interview and document analysis. Interview was conducted with Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Heritage Study and Conservation Bureau, office of tourism Ethiopia, Ethiopian tour operator association and from various private tour operators by using purposive sampling technique. Thematic data analysis was used by linking interview results with document analysis. The finding of the study shows tourism industry in general, historical heritages in particular have crucial role for image building, branding, economic development and expansion of investment, poverty and unemployment reduction. Even though, tourism industry is the backbone for socio-economic development of the country, in Ethiopia tourism development is at infant stage. Utilization of historical heritages for image building, branding, image managements and for other socio-economic development is weak. The finding also shows the challenges that hinder to enhance image building, branding and image management via historical heritages. This includes internal and external challenges. Internally, there is lack of infrastructure such as transportation, internet, water supplication, electricity and lack of quality services like hotel, restaurants, entertainment services, bus, access to clean toilets, absence of peace and security and lack of awareness in the community. Externally, Ethiopia‟s image on the international scene is widely associated with draught, famine and war and the Horn of Africa seen as a region of instability and hub of terrorism. So, the finding recommends that the government must fulfill various infrastructures and quality services in the destination sites, stakeholders should develop the habits of working together and cooperation to foster tourism industry and Ethiopian government should realize the existence of peace and security in different parts of the region. In general, even if the country has many tangible heritages its performance of branding, image building and using it for economic development is found at low level.Item POLITICAL UPRISING AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ETHIOPIA: LEGAL PROTECTION AND COMPENSATION(2019-06) BEHAILU BERGENA WADAn the current globalized world, where every single action of one country or any international organization directly or indirectly; positively or negatively affects another country, FDI is considered to be one of engines of boosting economic development of both developed and developing countries in which Ethiopia is not an exception. There are different theories for and against the flow of FDI into the territory of the host country. Those which analyze in favor of it try to mention the positive effects of FDI while the opposite side criticizes the same on the ground that FDI doesn‘t play positive role in the affairs of the host country or it takes the minimal part. Sooner or later it is positively considered by the majority of academic persons and politicians. FDI is not indifferent to the domestic situations of the host country. There are different determinants which play either positively or negatively in the inflow of FDI. One of the determinants is the political environment of the recipient country. The more stable is the political situation of the host country the more likelihood of inflow of FDI will be. The holding of massive political demonstration, political violence and armed conflicts are some of features of political instability in the host country which put the host country in disadvantageous part regarding the inflow of FDI. The study is mainly devoted to be conducted due to the current political uprising which has begun mainly three years ago. Following the political uprising, several FDIs have suffered from damage. Though the response of the government, to repair the damage, is quicker, investors have welcomed it in hesitation alleging its insufficiency. There are also investors who have refused to receive the government‘s ‗financial support because of its disproportionality to their damage. The general objective sought to be achieved, in the study, is checking whether the country has tried its best to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of the damage and the response of investors on the ‗financial support‘ made by the government. To do so, the qualitative and non-doctrinal research methodology has been employed. The legal documents and other literature have been reviewed. Interview has also been conducted with the Ethiopian Investment Commission and three investors which have been selected from among the injured investments following the political uprising. The study has revealed that Ethiopian government has shown reluctance in implementing the country‘s obligation of according full protection and security. Therefore, it has come up with the recommendation that the Ethiopian government should give equal endeavor for putting the obligation into practice as that of its diligence to attract FDI.Item POTABLE DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY AND ITS SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS: THE CASE OF MEJO TOWN ARORESSA DISTRICT, SIDAMA SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(2020) ASSEFA ADMASU DEBESSAAdequate supply of potable water helps for social and economic development and its accessibility and availability with good quality contributes for improved public health and better living standards. However, providing potable water is a serious challenge of the 21st century in developing countries. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess potable domestic water supply and its socio-economic implications in Mejo town, Sidama Southern Ethiopia. This is descriptive cross-sectional study with mixed research approach. Systematic random and purposive sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected from a total of 297 respondents and from primary source using the survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview and analyzed using SPSS V23 software and Ms-Excel. Results were presented in tables, bar graphs, pie-charts, means and standard deviations, t test and ANOVA. About 31.6% of respondents use the hand-dug well water sources. The overall average water demand and consumptions were 217.7(±8.86SD) and 116.08(±8.79SD) liters per a day to household level respectively and is not coincides with each other. The average of individual water demand and consumptions were 31.1 and 16.58 liters per a day per person respectively, which is below to recommend by the WHO. About 52.9% and 68% of respondents stated the location of water as inconvenient to fetch and the status of the town potable water supply was inadequate, respectively. About 40.7% and 39.4% of water collectors were housewives and school-age female children, respectively. About 85.9% of respondents described the insufficiency of daily piped water access. About 92.6% and 54.2% of respondents stated that as they faced serious challenge in water supply and for drinking water, respectively. Then, 70.4% and 60.9% stated that as water supply shortage put in high social and economic impact, respectively. About 62% stated government as responsible body for sustaining potable water supply. In general, the access of potable domestic water supply was poor, there were serious challenges for water supply, and water supply shortages are associated with high social and economic impact. Therefore, government and concerned body should work to supply potable water, try to minimized challenges through building institutional capacity, providing finance and diversifying water source. In addition, the District inter-sectoral collaboration is the necessary action to be taken in order to minimize the social and economic impact of water supply shortage. Key words: potable domestic water, supply, socio-economic, Mejo Sidama, Ethiopia