Institute of Technology

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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.

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    ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON STREAMFLOW UNDER CMIP6 CLIMATE PROJECTION IN THE UPPER OMO GIBE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-03-25) LEMLEM GETNET MOLA
    Climate Change is projected to have an impact on future streamflow in various watersheds. This study examined the impacts of climate change on streamflow in the Upper Omo River Basin using a Soil and Water Analysis Tool (SWAT). Projected climate variables (precipitation and temperature) ensemble of 5 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) were obtained from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), downscaled by the SDSM4.2 model and applied under the Shared Socioeconomic concentration pathways (SSP2-4.5) and (SSP5-8.5) scenarios. The downscaled SSPs data cannot be directly used to the hydrological model (SWAT) to simulate flow so, Distribution Mapping bias correction method was selected for this study. SWAT was calibrated and validated before it was used for simulation purpose. The performance measures R2 and NSE for calibration (2000-2013) and validation (2014-2019) were 0.79 and 0.71 and 0.86 and 0.85 respectively. Mann Kendall (MK) trend testing was used to determine if a change is statistically significant and to detect trends in temperature and precipitation. According to RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the emission scenarios predicted significant increasing temperature, but significant decreasing precipitation. Streamflow was simulated for two consecutive periods from 2020 to 2045 and from 2046 to 2071 for both scenarios and compared with the base period from 2000 to 2019 to explore the impact of climate change on Streamflow. The results indicated that the basin is likely to experience increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, whereas overall annual flow was projected to be significantly decreasing under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5- 8.5 emission scenarios in the mid and near future. These changes are likely to have major implications for water resources management in the region, particularly for agriculture, hydropower generation, and ecosystem services. The findings suggest the need for adaptive measures to address these impacts, including improved water management strategies and increased investment in climate-resilient infrastructure.
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    ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCE IN WOSHA WATERSHED, RIFT VALLEY LAKES BASIN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-10-16) ELSAE WARE GIDESA
    Climate change (CC) and Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes present significant threats to global water resources and socio-economic systems. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change and LULC changes on the availability of surface water resources in the Wosha watershed, located in the Rift Valley Lakes Basin (RVLB) of Ethiopia. The available water resources were assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a semi-distributed, physically-based hydrological model. Calibration and validation of computed stream flow were conducted using SWAT-CUP with the SUFI-2 algorithm. Bias-corrected data from three climate models output from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models such as CANESM5, MIROC6, and NESM3 were used to assess baseline (1985-2014), mid-term (2041- 2070), and long-term (2071-2100) periods under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2 4.5 and SSP5 8.5) climate scenarios. The SWAT model's performance was robust, achieving R² values of 0.88 and NSE values of 0.75 during calibration, and R² values of 0.83 and NSE values of 0.72 during validation for monthly simulations. The projections indicate that both rainfall and temperature will increase under SSP2 4.5 and SSP5 8.5 scenarios in the mid-term period, with a temperature rise of 1.2°C expected under SSP5 8.5. Precipitation is also expected to increase by 1% to 10% in the long term for both scenarios. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of climate and LULC changes on the availability of surface water resources in the Wosha watershed. The results underscore the importance of understanding surface water availability and mitigating the impact of climate change to ensure future water resources for the region.