Institute of Technology
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Item PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2018-10-21) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINETExpanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation waterItem A CASE STUDY OF MAI-SHAWSH AND MIDMAR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES, IN MEREB SUB-BASIN, NORTH ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2017-10-16) GUESH HAGOS ASRESUThis study tries to evaluate the performance of small scale irrigation schemes using comparative indicators at Maishawsh and Midmar schemes, Mereb Sub basin, North Ethiopia. This study area has poor water management practice and not evaluated before using comparative performance indicators. To address the objectives of irrigation water use efficiency and on-field irrigation management performance of this study was field measurements related to canal discharge, moisture content determination of the soils, measurement of depth of water applied to the fields using two inches parshal flume, group discussion and informant interview to establish the cost of production and the price produced. The result of this study revealed that, the conveyance efficiency for Maishawsh scheme was 98.95%, 91.03%, and 75.21%, respectively for main lined, secondary lined and tertiary unlined canals of the scheme, and for Midmar scheme, it was 76.89% which was an earthen canal. The computed application, storage, distribution and overall scheme efficiency values are 60.8, 64.2, 93.40 and 46.7% for Midmar while they are 56.8, 70, 94.2 and 42.7% for Maishawsh schemes, respectively. The comparative indicators of agricultural outputs such as land productivity measured as outputs per unit command area and outputs per unit irrigated area are 3461.58 and 3512.8 US$/ha for Midmar while 3120.91 and 3032.46 US$/ha for Maishawsh respectively. The water indicators such as output per unit irrigation supply and Output per water consumed are 0.36 and 0.61 for Midmar while they are 0.25 and 0.54 US$/m3 for Maishawsh schemes respectively. The water supply indicators measured by, relative water supply and relative irrigation supply gave 1.8 and 1.85 for Midmar while they are 2.29 and 2.37 for Maishawsh schemes respectively. This implied that the amount of water supplied was sufficient for the water demand of both schemes. The original irrigable and command area was declined by 2% from the actual irrigated area in Midmar scheme. However, the actual irrigated area was expanded by 3% and 6% from original irrigable and command area in Maishawsh scheme respectively. The financial indicators measured by gross return on investment and financial self sufficiency for Midmar are 91.5 and 69% while they are 91 and 77% for Maishawsh respectively. Based on this result, Midmar irrigation scheme was slightly better than Maishawsh, the reason might be good water management at field level and Midmar water users pay for what they have consumedItem PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WAQEMIYA TIYO AND AWASH MELKASA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN EAST SHEWA ZONE, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2023-10-15) ALEMIYE DEGEFA TOLAPerformance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of scheme by identifying performance gaps that help to provide appropriate improvement options. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of Waqemiya Tiyo and Awash Melkasa community managed small-scale irrigation schemes located at Adama District, Oromia, Ethiopia using internal and external performance indicators. For this purpose, primary and secondary data were collected from the schemes and for field data measurements three farmers’ fields were selected at the head, middle and tail-end of each scheme. Schemes were evaluated by their own merits with the help of internal performance indicators. Thus, the results of analyses revealed that conveyance, application, storage, overall scheme efficiency and distribution uniformity were 49.0, 56.2, 48.8, 27.5 and 88.2% and at Waqemiya Tiyo whereas, 45.6 53.3, 44.1, 24.3 and 85.8% Awash Melkasa schemes respectively. Then comparison was made using external performance indicators such as water supply, water delivery capacity, outputs and physical indicators. The results obtained revealed that the values of relative water supply and irrigation supply were 0.59 and 0.57 for Waqemiya Tiyo scheme, whereas 0.65 and 0.64 for the Awash Melkasa scheme respectively. Water delivery capacities of Waqemiya Tiyo and Awash Melkasa schemes were 0.60 and 0.37 respectively. The values of output per unit irrigated area were 3962.6 and 2187.3 US$/ha, and similarly the output per unit command area was 4507.4and 2479.US$/ha for two schemes respectively. The output per unit irrigation supply and water consumed were 0.79,0.45US$/m 3 and 0.91,0.57US$/m 3 for two schemes respectively. Likewise, Physical indicators such as irrigation ratio and sustainability of the irrigated area revealed that 1.14, 1.07 and1.11, 1.04 for two schemes, respectively. Based on the results obtained, Awash Melkasa scheme was better in terms of relative water supply and irrigation supply. However, Waqemiya Tiyo scheme had significantly better land and water productivity than Awash Melkasa scheme due to used high value crops, agricultural inputs and removal of grass cover and sedimentation from canal systems. As a result, Waqemiya Tiyo scheme was better performing than Awash Melkasa scheme therefore, practices high value crops, sharing their experience with one another to achieve good performance of the schemes.Item PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2018-08-12) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINETExpanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation waterItem ROLE AND SUSTAINABILITY MICRO HYDROPOWER: - THE CASE STUDY OF LELTA RIVER MICRO HYDROPOWER IN ALETA WONEDO, SIDAMA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2018-10-17) MULUGETA FELEKE TUMEBOThe overall aim of the study was assessment of sustainability of Micro hydropower to the local community in Aleta Wonedo Woreda in the Southern Ethiopia. From Woreda two representatives Kebeles namely Agara Sodicha and Gordama were selected purposively based on presence of Micro hydropower plant. Demographic, socio-economic and electric end user appliance type and quantity inventory data were gathered from randomly selected 134 household. Using water balance model the result of maximum and minimum readable level allowed the flow rate measurement of 0.616 m3 / s and 0.062 m3 / s respectively. The power in KW output were 21.2 in December, 19.47 in December with probability of 92.3%, and 20.4 in January. Then electric end user appliance type and quantity per household identified. Moreover, a total 32 key informants used to categorize the households into age, six and monthly electric service fee. Focus group discussions were also held to triangulate the information collected during household survey. The survey result indicated that 67% of household unsatisfied on electric tariff against the service, they receive and 100% of power line connected to domestic lighting. Beside this 1% percent of household use all type appliance such as TV, charging and domestic lighting even radio play. A sustainability assessment model for the operation of micro hydropower plants in a rural area of Aleta Wonedo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia was developed. Our model includes 32 assessment indicators taking into account economic, social, environmental, and technical sustainability dimensions and a scoring system (ranging from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best). It was found that the environmental dimension shows the best performance with a score of 3.833 for the studied MHP, followed by social (2.625), economic (2.5), and technical dimensions (1.7). Future electric demand forecasting result show, that the demand of electricity at 2020 E.C will reach (229±18.75) MWh. Finally concluded that communities are very keen to sustainability of MHP and participation community requires improvement.Item PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GOLDA SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME IN ASSOSA WOREDA, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2019-10-27) MINIEBEL FENTAHUN MOGESEvaluation of the performance of irrigation schemes helps to know the present status of the scheme and to apply possible measures for improvement. Golda small scale irrigation scheme was found in Assosa, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia and had a service of six years. The performance of Golda Small Scale Irrigation Scheme had not been evaluated before this study. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the scheme by considering water delivery performance, on field water management performance and organizational setups and their performance for irrigation water management and maintenance. Primary data collected through field measurements and household field survey, and secondary data from different sources were used. Water delivery was evaluated by external indicators such as conveyance efficiency, relative water supply and relative irrigation supply. Both internal and external indicators were used for evaluating on field water management performance. The internal indicators were application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution uniformity and deep percolation ratio. The external indicators like agricultural out puts, physical and financial indicators were used. The result of conveyance efficiency, application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution efficiency and deep percolation ratio, were 53%, 51.6%, 91.6%, 80.76% & 40% respectively. The value of relative water supply and relative irrigation supply were 1.6 and 1.2 respectively. The result of output per unit command area, output per unit irrigated area, output per unit water supply and output per unit water consumed were 3542.66US$, 4306.76US$, 1.42 and 0.69, respectively. The result of the physical indicators, which were irrigation ratio and sustainability of irrigated area, were found to be 0.82 and 1, respectively. Around 54% of gross return on investment was obtained.. About 67.6% of respondents reflected the maintenance condition of the irrigation scheme was bad. Unfair distribution of water was due to water scarcity and illegal water users as the beneficiaries responded. Generally, the scheme requires improvement measuresItem PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LAMO SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME IN TEMBARO WOREDA, KEMBATA TEMBARO ZONE, SNNPR(Hawassa University, 2017-10-25) TIGABU TAMIRAT OTTOREThe level of performance of irrigated farms is one of the most important issues that need to be addressed in Ethiopia where development of irrigation, in particular small-scale irrigation, is adopted as one of strategies to achieve food security. Lamo small-scale irrigation scheme operates under low level of performance due to poor water management and lack of timely maintenance of structures. The performance evaluation of Lamo small scale irrigation scheme was made by using internal performance indicators as a tool such as application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution uniformity and deep percolation ratio. Six farmer’s plots located at head, middle and tail of the command area were selected and grown with two commonly grown vegetable crops in the command area viz, onion, and tomato. The average application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution uniformity and deep percolation of the selected farmer's fields were found to be 48.12%, 81.90%, 79.80% and 51.88%, respectively. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the result indicated that inflow rate had significant effect (p<0.05) on different performance indicators (application efficiency, storage efficiency, distribution uniformity, and deep percolation ratio) at field level. Since farmers were using end-dyke furrow irrigation system, therefore no runoff was observed. The result of the study also showed that the irrigation water applied to farmers' fields (136mm) was much higher than the required depth to be applied per irrigation event. As a result, large amount of water was lost as deep percolation. Conveyance efficiencies of the main and secondary canals were found as 82.5% and 80.8%, respectively. Seepage losses of the main and secondary canals were found out as 16.70lit/sec/km and 14.70lit/sec/km, respectively. Operational and management, and status of physical structure of the scheme were analyzed using field observations and inventories. Moreover, poor irrigation management and operation of the scheme were identified as major problems at the study siteItem COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION SCHEMES: A CASE STUDY OF MAI-SHAWSH AND MIDMAR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES, IN MEREB SUB-BASIN, NORTH ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2017-03-21) GUESH HAGOS ASRESUThis study tries to evaluate the performance of small scale irrigation schemes using comparative indicators at Maishawsh and Midmar schemes, Mereb Sub basin, North Ethiopia. This study area has poor water management practice and not evaluated before using comparative performance indicators. To address the objectives of irrigation water use efficiency and on-field irrigation management performance of this study was field measurements related to canal discharge, moisture content determination of the soils, measurement of depth of water applied to the fields using two inches parshal flume, group discussion and informant interview to establish the cost of production and the price produced. The result of this study revealed that, the conveyance efficiency for Maishawsh scheme was 98.95%, 91.03%, and 75.21%, respectively for main lined, secondary lined and tertiary unlined canals of the scheme, and for Midmar scheme, it was 76.89% which was an earthen canal. The computed application, storage, distribution and overall scheme efficiency values are 60.8, 64.2, 93.40 and 46.7% for Midmar while they are 56.8, 70, 94.2 and 42.7% for Maishawsh schemes, respectively. The comparative indicators of agricultural outputs such as land productivity measured as outputs per unit command area and outputs per unit irrigated area are 3461.58 and 3512.8 US$/ha for Midmar while 3120.91 and 3032.46 US$/ha for Maishawsh respectively. The water indicators such as output per unit irrigation supply and Output per water consumed are 0.36 and 0.61 for Midmar while they are 0.25 and 0.54 US$/m3 for Maishawsh schemes respectively. The water supply indicators measured by, relative water supply and relative irrigation supply gave 1.8 and 1.85 for Midmar while they are 2.29 and 2.37 for Maishawsh schemes respectively. This implied that the amount of water supplied was sufficient for the water demand of both schemes. The original irrigable and command area was declined by 2% from the actual irrigated area in Midmar scheme. However, the actual irrigated area was expanded by 3% and 6% from original irrigable and command area in Maishawsh scheme respectively. The financial indicators measured by gross return on investment and financial self sufficiency for Midmar are 91.5 and 69% while they are 91 and 77% for Maishawsh respectively. Based on this result, Midmar irrigation scheme was slightly better than Maishawsh, the reason might be good water management at field level and Midmar water users pay for what they have consumedItem PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOSHA AND WERKA IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN WONDO GENET DISTRICT, SNNPRS, ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2018-10-07) HENOK TESFAYE CHARINETExpanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performance below capacity. Performance evaluation of irrigation schemes plays a fundamental role in improving irrigation system of a scheme by identifying where the critical problems occurred. Evaluation of irrigation schemes carried out at Wondo Genet SNNPRS, Ethiopia. The primary objective of evaluating Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes using internal and external indicators were to evaluate their performance and suggest possible interventions to enhance their capacity. Internal indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation ratio were used at the head, middle and tail reach of each scheme. Moreover, external indicators of agriculture output, water supply, water delivery capacity and physical indicator were used for evaluating the schemes. The results showed that the conveyance, application, storage, distribution efficiency of 55.6, 48.2, 89.8 and 91.7%, respectively were found at Wosha irrigation scheme whereas 43.0, 59.0, 87.2 and 91.4%, respectively at Werka irrigation scheme. The agricultural output performance such as OPUIA, OPUCA, OPUIS, and OPUWC were 4213.97 US$/ha, 8732.29 US$/ha, 1.18 and 0.32, respectively at Wosha irrigation scheme and 5840.34, 8534.19, 1.77 and 0.42 respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. Water supply indicators such as RIS and RWS were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively for Wosha 0.48 and 0.55, respectively for Werka irrigation scheme. The result indicates that water delivery capacity of Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes were 1.56 and 1.32, respectively. Physical indicators revealed that irrigation ratio of 0.89 and 0.78 and sustainability of irrigated area of 2.07, and 1.46 were found at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Among the internal indicators, application efficiency was very low especially at Wosha irrigation scheme due to higher water loss through deep percolation. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level, where 26.8 and 25.4 %, respectively realized at Wosha and Werka irrigation schemes. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, conveyance and distribution systems can enhance crop productivity per unit irrigation wate