Institute of Technology
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The Institute of Technology focuses on education, research, and innovation
in engineering, technology, and applied sciences to support sustainable development.
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Item ASSESSEMENT OF COVERAGE AND QUALITY OF POTABLE WATER AND SANITATION IN RURAL AREAS OF KUCHA WOREDA, GAMO ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(Hawassa University, 2024-10-22) MEKURIA MUNDARE MULATESafe water supply and sanitation services are basic requirements for a society. Limited access associated with poor water supply, sanitation and hygiene make the community to depend on unsafe and improvement of basic water supply and sanitation services to give proper and timely response. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate coverage and quality of potable water supply and sanitation services and forecast the future demand by 2035 for Kucha Woreda. Five Kebele administrations were selected by purposive sampling technique. Totally 110 households (HHs) were selected as a sample population for primary data sources are then distributed to each Kebeles proportionally by using purposive sampling technique. The data sources for the study were both primary and secondary. For secondary data collection document review was used as a tool to collect valuable information. Household surveys, personal observations and key-informants interview were used for primary data collection. The data from households were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and explanation building. The inferential statistics one way ANOVA and were descriptive statistical employed to see the statistical significances and associations of the variables respectively. The major finding showed that there are low coverage (21.9%), inadequate spatial distribution of water points (58.4%), low per capita consumption (an average of 7.36 liters), with almost all residents consuming less than 25 liters of safe water, and waiting water-fetching times (an average of 52. 5 minutes). Likewise, sanitation situation was not so healthy and encouraging. Many factors were responsible for poor sanitation. Some of them were lack of proper disposal of garbage and toilet waste and lack of knowledge of rural people about personal hygiene and health. The survey result showed that more than 51.4% of the households were disposing baby faces and solid wastes in the open field, majorities of them (26.5.%) using water only, water use and ash 14.1% of respondents in the study area don't use water at all for hand washing after defecating. The result of water quality test of the study area obtained overall water quality indicates that most parameters are within standard except parameters like Temperature, Iron and phosphate that do not fulfill the WHO and Ethiopian drinking water standards. Bacteriological results show that the presence pathogens i.e. total coliform four water sample sites contaminated exceeding the WHO and Ethiopian standards which do not allow any fecal or total colonies in drinking waterItem PERFORMANCE COMPARISION OF 60GHZ WITH 2.4GHZ AND 5GHZ FOR WLAN OVER RICIAN FADING CHANNEL(Hawassa University, 2021-10-17) SHIMELIS ABATE BELAYCurrently, number of wireless technologies deployed to connect daily activities of human being in different ways and systems. Among those technology Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) the one which plays crucial role. Hence, it is delivered by use of 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. Due to the number of users increase the two main problem became challenges which are spectrum scarcity and throughput. To solve the challenge there are several types of research are done and are going to be done related to 60GHz Millimeter Wave Frequency for WALN. In this thesis, coverage and capacity performance comparison of 60 GHz channel capacity over Rican fading channels with 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz for WLAN service to give a better selection for WLAN users in the future. By using with bit error rate (BER) and SNR for small-scale (fast) fading with higher M-ary QAM modulation scheme. As a result, the Rician Channel fading for 60GHz with comparisons of 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN frequency has high throughputs, which is 60GHz channel capacity is 13.5 times of 5GHz channels, and 54 times channels of 2.4GHz. Therefore, it is more advantageous for high throughput user demands than 2.4 and 5GHz frequencies used for IEEE 802.11’s Standards. 60 GHz distance coverage, relatively time less half coverage of than 2.4GHz frequency and less than by around 7-meter time less than 5GHz frequency coverage. Hence, the shorter the coverage of 60GHz give an advantage to best candidate for frequency re-use to solve spectrum scarcity.Item MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND NETWORKING(Hawassa Unversity, 2021) SHIMELIS ABATE BELAYCurrently, number of wireless technologies deployed to connect daily activities of human being in different ways and systems. Among those technology Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) the one which plays crucial role. Hence, it is delivered by use of 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. Due to the number of users increase the two main problem became challenges which are spectrum scarcity and throughput. To solve the challenge there are several types of research are done and are going to be done related to 60GHz Millimeter Wave Frequency for WALN. In this thesis, coverage and capacity performance comparison of 60 GHz channel capacity over Rican fading channels with 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz for WLAN service to give a better selection for WLAN users in the future. By using with bit error rate (BER) and SNR for small-scale (fast) fading with higher M-ary QAM modulation scheme. As a result, the Rician Channel fading for 60GHz with comparisons of 2.4 and 5 GHz WLAN frequency has high throughputs, which is 60GHz channel capacity is 13.5 times of 5GHz channels, and 54 times channels of 2.4GHz. Therefore, it is more advantageous for high throughput user demands than 2.4 and 5GHz frequencies used for IEEE 802.11’s Standards. 60 GHz distance coverage, relatively time less half coverage of than 2.4GHz frequency and less than by around 7-meter time less than 5GHz frequency coverage. Hence, the shorter the coverage of 60GHz give an advantage to best candidate for frequency re-use to solve spectrum scarcity