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Subject: search.filters.subject.Hydraulic performance

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    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM; A CASE OF JIGJIGA TOWN, SOMALI REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2022-10-22) ABDURAHMAN ALI AHMED
    In most developing countries, such as Ethiopia, problems with urban water supply and demand are common. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the present urban water delivery system in Jigjiga Town with the major goals of identifying issues with the Jigjiga Town water system by evaluating the current status of the town's water supply system, evaluating the WSS hydraulic performance, and finally propose corrective solutions. The present situation was assessed using the gap between the town's supply and demand by forecasting its population, while water losses were calculated using the difference between production and consumption data. In addition, WaterGEMS software was utilized to construct the model in order to examine the current water supply and distribution system. The model was used to adjust the high and low-pressure zones at junctions, as well as the velocity through the pipe. To explore the system model, the model was run for steady-state simulation and extended period simulation. According to the results of the research, the Town's water supply just covers 64% of demand. This result indicates the prevalence of demand-supply gap. Furthermore, the average loss from three years of production and consumption observation was 36 %. Moreover, the system has issues of over and under pressure, with utmost pressure occurring at extended period simulation (EPS) at PHD being 69mH2O, which is under the suggested range, and 83.5 % (182 points) of the velocity in the pipes being less than 0.5m/s. To deal with these issues, additional pumps must be installed to enhance production, existing well sources must be rehabilitated, and the capacity of the distribution pipeline must be increased by installing new pipes
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    MODELING OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING WaterGEMS CONNECT: THE CASE OF AREKA TOWN, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2021-10-26) MESFIN GIZAW LEMMA
    Safe and adequate delivery of water to a consumption node is an essential function of water distribution network. However, throughout the world especially in developing countries, the hydraulic performance of water distribution network is inadequate to transfer available water to a consumption node. Areka Town has been experienced frequent and regular disruption of water because of hydraulic problems related to pressure and velocity during high consumption period and at night time. The main aim of this study was to model the existing water distribution system for steady-state and extended period simulation and evaluating hydraulic performance of the system. For conducting this study, both primary and secondary data were collected and tools such as WaterGEMS, ArcGIS 10.3, and GPS were used. The total average per capita consumption of the Town in the year 2020 was 11.74 l/c/d which showed lower performance compared to 60 l/c/d which is set by GTP-II of the country for category 3 town and 108,808m3/year (27.35%) of water is considered to be non-revenue (NRW) and the apparent losses and real losses of the town was 0.9% and 26.44% respectively. There is high gap between demand and supply in the town because the current (2020) and the future (2042) maximum day water demand of the town was 2,395.92 m3/day and 14,116.88 m3/day respectively and the current (2020) water production of the town was only 1090.13 m3/day which only satisfies 45.5% of the current demand (2020) and 7.7% of the future demand in year 2042. Therefore, securing additional water supplies becomes an essential issue to meet the current and future water demand of the town. The simulated result showed that 1.81% for pressure value (<15m), 34.56% for pressure value (15-70m) and 63.63% for pressure value (>70m) at peak consumption and the velocity of pipe flow showed that 90% (<0.6m/s),10% the range of (0.6-2m/s) at low consumption time and Velocity in distribution network was in recommended range in peak consumption time. The performance of the model was evaluated using model evaluation statistics. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) for pressure calibration was 0.991. Finally, potential causes of water losses in the town water supply system were assessed, water losses reduction strategies are designed and the system pressure and velocity are adjusted
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    PERFORMACE EVALUATION OF GIRJA TOWN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2023-10-22) MESERET MARMARA DINESSSO
    Increasing demand can be fulfilled by designing efficient water distribution networks based on advance computing systems include modern hydraulic modeling and designing software’s. The main objective of this study was to model the existing water distribution system and evaluating hydraulic performance of the system. For conducting this study, both primary and secondary data were collected and tools such as WaterGEMS and GPS were used. The total average per capita consumption of the Town in the year 2015 E.C was 10.15 l/c/d which showed lower performance compared to 50 l/c/d which is set by GTP-II of the country for category 4 town and 35653 m 3 /year of water is non-revenue (NRW) and the apparent losses and real losses of the town is 0.9% and 26.75% respectively. There is high gap between demand and supply in the town because the current (2015 E.C) and the future (2035 E.C) maximum daily water demand of the town was 767224.89 m 3 /year and 1172509 m 3 /year respectively and the current water production of the town was 128940 m 3 /year which only satisfies 19.6% of the current demand (2015 E.C) and 14.4% of the future demand in year 2035. Therefore, securing additional water supplies becomes an essential issue to meet the current and future water demand of the town. The hydraulic model result showed that 2.78% for pressure value (<10m), 76.39% for pressure value (10-70m) and 20.83% for pressure value (>70m) at peak consumption and the velocity of pipe flow showed that 91.3% (<0.6m/s), 8.7% the range of 0.6-2m/s at low consumption time. The performance of the model was evaluated using model evaluation statistics. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2 ) for pressure calibration was 0.98. Finally, the water quality was examined for biological, and physiochemical parameters, potential causes of water losses in the town water supply system were assessed, and improvement measures were proposed for existing water supply problems
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    HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF POTABLE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF LEKU TOWN: IN SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE
    (Hawassa University, 2022-08-28) BEREKET ASSEFA GEBISSO
    In this study, Focus on Analyzing Hydraulic performance of water distribution system and Water supply coverage, for case study of Leku Town supply system has been assessed. The main objective of this study is to assess water supply coverage and determine the hydraulic performance of Leku Town water supply distribution system. Water CADv8i software used as tools to model water distribution system to evaluate hydraulic performance of water distribution system. The modeling effort included both hydraulic performance of existing and newly proposed distribution system. Simulation results for maximum and minimum pressures and velocity of distribution system were used as base tool to evaluate the hydraulic performance. Performance analysis of water supply distribution system includes efficiency of distribution systems, especially maximum and minimum pressure and velocity requirements, reservoir capacity, water loss etc, have been evaluated with WHO guideline and Ethiopia water supply standards. The adjusted domestic water demand at the end of the design periods, 2033 & 2043, is found to be in the order of 1,207 m3/day and 1,609 m3/day, respectively with considering the socio-economic and climatic adjustment factors. Water supply coverage was 65.6% in year 2020 G.C. The average per-capita water consumption was 13.11 l/c/day for year 2020 G.C. The result indicates that per-capita water consumption of Leku town was below the standard. Water loss of the town was range between 15% and 25% from the beginning up to the final design year. The hydraulic performance of water supply system was evaluated the operation of distribution network with reference to minimum and maximum pressure and velocity of junction and pipe respectively. The existing water supply distribution system 78.5% of the nodes were within recommended range between (15m to 70m). Whereas; the matter of concern of velocity shows that, 79% of the pipes in existing water supply distribution system were within recommended range velocity between minimum 0.6 m/s to maximum 2 m/s velocities. The analysis result indicates that the hydraulic performance of existing water supply distribution system of Leku town was poor performance, not permissible range and also there was low water supply coverage as well. Therefore; the existing water supply distribution system has low pressure throughout distribution system due to the topography of the area. The velocities in the water distribution system were extremely poor and cannot satisfy the demand of the community. So that; water distribution system need to improve hydraulic performance through redesigning the system
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    A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM STUDY AND ASSOCIATEDGAPS ON SANITATION OF THE DAYE TOWN, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2021-07-18) ABERRA ELEFEW ASAMINEW
    Safe and adequate delivery of water to a consumption node is an essential function of a water distribution network. Daye Town has experienced frequent and regular disruption of water because of hydraulic problems related to pressure and velocity during high consumption period and at night-time. The main aim of this study was to model the existing water distribution system for steady-state and evaluate hydraulic performance of the system and sanitation condition of the town. For conducting this study, both primary and secondary data were collected and tools such as WaterGEMS and SPSSwere used. Questionnaire was used for the sanitation assessment for the selected sample households. Pressure gauge was used and the pressure on the selected points on the water supply system measured and then validated with the result from hydraulic modeling analysis. The existing water sources studied, and the population of the town analyzed for the present and the forecasted, 20 years. Accordingly, the total average per capita consumption of the Town in the year 2022was 9.21 l/c/d which showed lower performance compared to 50 l/c/d which is set by GTP-II of the country for category 4 town and 34,714m 3 /year (25.03%) of water is considered to be non-revenue (NRW) and the apparent losses and real losses of the town was 0.9% and 26.44% respectively. There is high gap between demand and supply in the town because the current (2022) and the future (2041) maximum day water demand of the town was 1741.04m 3 /day and 4,581.81 m 3 /day respectively and the current (2022) water production of the town was only 511.2 m 3 /day which only satisfies 44% of the current demand (2022) and 17% of the future demand in year 2041. Therefore, securing additional water supplies becomes an essential issue to meet the current and future water demand of the town. The simulated result showed that 41.35% for pressure value (<10m) and 58.65% for pressure value with recommended value (11-70m) base xii consumption and the velocity of pipe flow showed that 51.3% (<0.6m/s) and 48.7% the range of (0.6-2m/s). The performance of the model was evaluated using model evaluation statistics. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2 ) for pressure calibration was 0.96. Moreover, potential causes of water losses in the town water supply system were assessed, water losses reduction strategies are designed, and the system pressure and velocity are adjusted. Finally, sanitation associated gapsmainly the latrine in household and selected institutions and excreta disposal and transportation was assessed. Percent of households with access to sanitation facility and percent of households with year-round access to improved water system for sanitation was27.52% and 15.5% respectively
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    EVALUATION OF THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF THE GEDEBA CULVERT ON THE HALABA SHASHEMENE ROAD
    (Hawassa University, 2024-10-07) TEMESGEN AYANO ABISO
    The increasing severity of climate change is causing a global rise in extreme weather events, characterized by intensified rainfall and flooding. These changes create significant challenges for drainage systems. Inadequate drainage infrastructure can lead to severe consequences, including erosion, property damage, and disruptions to transportation and essential services. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of Gedeba culvert using hydrological and hydraulic modeling analysis. To carry out the study, primary data was collected from field surveys, and secondary data was gathered from various organizations. The models and materials used in the study were HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS, GIS, and GPS. Continuous hydrologic simulation was initially done using HEC HMS model to calibrate and validate the model. The calibration and validation result indicated that there was strong relationship between simulated and observed stream flow data. Hence, based on these statistical error test criteria HEC-HMS model performance of the model is classified as very good. After model was calibrated and validated using actual observed flow data, frequency storm was generated using the annual maximum precipitation available from rainfall data and it is used as an input for HEC-HMS model to conduct event based simulation for developing flood hydrograph for different return periods. The result of event based simulation shows that, the maximum flood hydrograph for 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years were 87.1, 117.8, 135.4, 155, and 179.8m3 /s respectively. To analyze the hydraulic performance of the culvert, the HEC-RAS model was used to develop water surface and velocity profiles. The analysis indicated that, for different flood frequency, the water level exceeded the culvert crest, resulting in area, with overtopping and subsequent flooding of the main road connecting Halaba to Shashamene. This overtopping not only posed a risk to the road infrastructure but also led to erosion of the downstream area and collapse of some parts of the road. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the velocity of the floodwaters passing over the culvert crest was significantly high, possessing erosive characteristics that worsened erosion downstream. The downstream area suffered substantial damage, with some sections of the road collapsing due to the intense flow and erosion. This underperformance of the culvert highlights critical infrastructure vulnerability, necessitating urgent attention and action. To reduce the problems of flooding, Mitigation measures, such as installing erosion control structures (e.g., riprap, check dams) and implementing vegetative buffers, can help stabilize the terrain and reduce the risk of erosion. To alleviate these problems, different type of culverts were selected for analysis to redesign the existing culvert which accommodates the floods. The analysis of various culvert types reveals significant limitations in their capacity to manage floodwaters, with existing designs inadequate for anticipated flood flows, raising risks of flooding and property damage. Modifications like widening river cross sections and using larger culverts are vital for flood management, Box culverts present an exciting option due to their moderate complexity in construction, which requires careful placement and alignment but is generally straightforward. They are designed to support heavy loads and withstand environmental stresses, making them highly durable