College of Natural and Computational Sciences

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    THE SYNERGISTIC ROLE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION, AND IN-FIELD RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES IN GROWTH AND YIELD IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE IN YIRBA DUWANCHO DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawssa University, 2025-04) DINKNESH DIKALE
    Various climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall variability, have a significant impact on rain fed agricultural productivity, especially in Ethiopia's water-stressed arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to assess the possible impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF),Rhizobium® inoculation and in-field rain water harvesting system on maize (Zea mays) growth and production in a moisture-prone (low rainfall) location of Yirba duwancho village of Boricha woreda in Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RBCD), with 8 treatments and 3 replication including the control. Consortia AMF inoculums and Rhizobia were used as bio-inoculants and a blended fertilizer in the form of NPSB was used as additional agricultural input. The highest height (140.6cm) growth was recorded for the maize-haricot bean intercropping treatment. This was followed by AMF+F (113.5cm) treatment. Stem collar diameter was bigger (1327mm) in maize-haricot bean intercropping followed by AMF+R (86.9mm). Records for Leaf area index, Shoot weight weight, Shoot dry weight, Root weight weight, and Root dry weight were inconsistent. The better (1853cm2) Leaf area index was recorded for R treatment. Shoot dry weight was better in AMF+R (830.6g) treatment. However, Root dry weight was higher (69.6g) in AMF+R+F treatment. Maize yield/plot and per hectare was higher for intercropping treatments followed by AMF+F and AMF+R respectively. For all control treatment was recorded the lowest values. Treatments on the Effect of the Suitability of In-field Rainwater Harvesting Technique with Respect to the Width of its Runoff Strips showed Application of Tide-Ride is the best technique to hold water in soil followed by IRWHI. The lower values were recorded for IRWH1.5 and the conventional broadcast treatment. This tells us the broader the width of runoff the least rain water retained in soil. Besides, better root colonization and spore density was recorded for intercropping followed by Sole AMF treatment, while mycorrhizal dependency and maize tissue nutrient uptake was much better in AMF+R treatment. However, in almost all cases the control treatment was inferior. Overall, results of this study suggest that mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation and application of infield rain water harvesting techniques enhances nutrient uptake and maximizes maize biomass under low soil moisture conditions. Mycorrhizal plants produced higher biomass, with greater tissue nutrient content than the control plants. These results indicate that establishing efficacious AMF and rhizobium with maize could be an efficient alternative for growers in drought prone areas than relying on fertilizer application and its associated costs and environmental concerns.
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    GROWTH RESPONSES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) TO INOCULATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHAR AND COMPOST IN THE PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES LYCOPERSICI UNDER GREEN HOUSE, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawssa University, 2024-03) BELETECH HABTE AWANO
    Tomatoes (Solanun lycopersicum) are one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Ethiopia. Tomato yields in smallholder cropping systems are below the potential of the crop, due to pests and diseases. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum and compost and biochar amendments on tomato biomass, fruit yield and control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pathogen under Hawassa University greenhouse. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized soils, arranged in a fourteen treatments including the control. A completely randomized design was used and growth measurements and disease severity assessment were taken after 15, 30, and 45 days of transplantation for all growth parameters including fruit yield and effect of the pathogen were measured. During early days of growth for treatments AMF+Fusarium and AMF+Trichoderam was recorded the highest height, leaf area and stem collar diameter for Galilea variety and variable values for ROMA V.F.N variety. When compared to plants treated with F.oxysporum f.sp.l alone and control, improvement in the various growth parameters was recorded in the plants treated with AMF, T. harzianum, biochar, and compost sole and combined. Better fruit yield and pathogen resistance was recorded for Roma variety. In addition to growth parameters all AMF inoculated treatments demonstrated root colonization, and sporulated. Nutrient uptake was enhanced in all treatments except for sole Fusarium and control treatments. Mycorrhizal dependency was better for sole AMF inoculation treatment in both varieties. Disease severity was lower in ROMA variety while Galilea variety was found to be more susceptible to Fusarium pathogen. Accordingly, significant fruit loss was recorded for Galilea variety. AMF and Trichoderma inoculation and application of biochar and compost has improved performance of the two tomato varieties. In addition, it was recorded that ROMA variety is much more resistant to Fusarium pathogen as inoculated with the two bio inoculants, which indicates that different varieties show different resistance to Fusarium pathogen. Therefore, when growing tomato it is recommended to select the appropriate bio pesticides like that of AMF and T. harzianum and appropriate variety of tomatoes. Finally, as this study focused on only two tomato varieties and two bio-inoculants, wide coverage of other bacterial and fungal inoculants production and application in the small holder farms is also recommended.
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    EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INOCULATION ON PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION EFFICIENCY, GROWTH, AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TEFF UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN SIDAMA HAWASSA
    (HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) HUWATU PETROS
    Phosphorus (P) is one of plant macronutrients required for Teff (Eragrostis tef) production. However, P is difficult to control in worn soils, and fertilization practices are inefficient because it becomes unavailable for uptake by plant roots. Plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) symbiosis promotes plant growth and boosts P uptake from the soil that is not immediately available to the roots. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate how inoculation with consortia of AMF and phosphate fertilization interacts and effects the growth and productivity of Ethiopia's traditional staple food crop, teff. In 2023, the field trial was carried out at the research Village of Hawassa University. The administration of phosphate (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% concentrations of the required level) during crop sowing was done in split plots using a randomized block design, and AMF crude inoculants were applied to all treatments except the control. The results demonstrated that the application of AMF inoculants and varying rates of phosphorus had a substantial impact on teff dry matter yield, yield components, and all evaluated growth parameters. When compared to the control and the other two varieties, the applications of AMF+50%, AMF+75%P, and AMF+100% for white teff produced the highest teff grain yield (10550kg ha-1 ). When the teff is red at AMF+50%P, mixed at AMF+100%P, and white at AMF+100%P, it benefits greatly. Mixed variety had the highest mycorrhizal dependency (MD) of 44%. For AMF+25%P treatments, the maximum Phosphorus usage efficiency (PuE) was regularly observed. The white variety had a greater harvest index (2.63). Furthermore, with increased P treatment, there is a continuous drop in both the spore density and root length colonization (RLC). In summary, all the results indicate that increasing the P level decreases AMF colonization and spore density, although in certain situations it increases biomass yield. To sum up, more study combining current agricultural practices with traditional methods from the area is required to gain a better knowledge of the application of AMF in teff cultivation and P fertilizer application.
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    THE SYNERGISTIC ROLE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION, AND IN-FIELD RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES IN GROWTH AND YIELD IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE IN YIRBA DUWANCHO DISTRICT, SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA.
    (Hawassa University, 2024-04) DINKNESH DIKALE
    Various climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall variability, have a significant impact on rain fed agricultural productivity, especially in Ethiopia's water-stressed arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to assess the possible impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF),Rhizobium® inoculation and in-field rain water harvesting system on maize (Zea mays) growth and production in a moisture-prone (low rainfall) location of Yirba duwancho village of Boricha woreda in Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RBCD), with 8 treatments and 3 replication including the control. Consortia AMF inoculums and Rhizobia were used as bio-inoculants and a blended fertilizer in the form of NPSB was used as additional agricultural input. The highest height (140.6cm) growth was recorded for the maize-haricot bean intercropping treatment. This was followed by AMF+F (113.5cm) treatment. Stem collar diameter was bigger (1327mm) in maize-haricot bean intercropping followed by AMF+R (86.9mm). Records for Leaf area index, Shoot weight weight, Shoot dry weight, Root weight weight, and Root dry weight were inconsistent. The better (1853cm2) Leaf area index was recorded for R treatment. Shoot dry weight was better in AMF+R (830.6g) treatment. However, Root dry weight was higher (69.6g) in AMF+R+F treatment. Maize yield/plot and per hectare was higher for intercropping treatments followed by AMF+F and AMF+R respectively. For all control treatment was recorded the lowest values. Treatments on the Effect of the Suitability of In-field Rainwater Harvesting Technique with Respect to the Width of its Runoff Strips showed Application of Tide-Ride is the best technique to hold water in soil followed by IRWHI. The lower values were recorded for IRWH1.5 and the conventional broadcast treatment. This tells us the broader the width of runoff the least rain water retained in soil. Besides, better root colonization and spore density was recorded for intercropping followed by Sole AMF treatment, while mycorrhizal dependency and maize tissue nutrient uptake was much better in AMF+R treatment. However, in almost all cases the control treatment was inferior. Overall, results of this study suggest that mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation and application of infield rain water harvesting techniques enhances nutrient uptake and maximizes maize biomass under low soil moisture conditions. Mycorrhizal plants produced higher biomass, with greater tissue nutrient content than the control plants. These results indicate that establishing efficacious AMF and rhizobium with maize could be an efficient alternative for growers in drought prone areas than relying on fertilizer application and its associated costs and environmental concerns.
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    GROWTH RESPONSES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) TO INOCULATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHAR AND COMPOST IN THE PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES LYCOPERSICI UNDER GREEN HOUSE, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-03) BELETECH HABTE AWANO
    Tomatoes (Solanun lycopersicum) are one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Ethiopia. Tomato yields in smallholder cropping systems are below the potential of the crop, due to pests and diseases. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum and compost and biochar amendments on tomato biomass, fruit yield and control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pathogen under Hawassa University greenhouse. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized soils, arranged in a fourteen treatments including the control. A completely randomized design was used and growth measurements and disease severity assessment were taken after 15, 30, and 45 days of transplantation for all growth parameters including fruit yield and effect of the pathogen were measured. During early days of growth for treatments AMF+Fusarium and AMF+Trichoderam was recorded the highest height, leaf area and stem collar diameter for Galilea variety and variable values for ROMA V.F.N variety. When compared to plants treated with F.oxysporum f.sp.l alone and control, improvement in the various growth parameters was recorded in the plants treated with AMF, T. harzianum, biochar, and compost sole and combined. Better fruit yield and pathogen resistance was recorded for Roma variety. In addition to growth parameters all AMF inoculated treatments demonstrated root colonization, and sporulated. Nutrient uptake was enhanced in all treatments except for sole Fusarium and control treatments. Mycorrhizal dependency was better for sole AMF inoculation treatment in both varieties. Disease severity was lower in ROMA variety while Galilea variety was found to be more susceptible to Fusarium pathogen. Accordingly, significant fruit loss was recorded for Galilea variety. AMF and Trichoderma inoculation and application of biochar and compost has improved performance of the two tomato varieties. In addition, it was recorded that ROMA variety is much more resistant to Fusarium pathogen as inoculated with the two bio inoculants, which indicates that different varieties show different resistance to Fusarium pathogen. Therefore, when growing tomato it is recommended to select the appropriate bio pesticides like that of AMF and T. harzianum and appropriate variety of tomatoes. Finally, as this study focused on only two tomato varieties and two bio-inoculants, wide coverage of other bacterial and fungal inoculants production and application in the small holder farms is also recommended.
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    GROWTH RESPONSES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) TO INOCULATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOCHAR AND COMPOST IN THE PRESENCE OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FORMAE SPECIALES LYCOPERSICI UNDER GREEN HOUSE, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA
    (Hawassa University, 2024-05) BELETECH HABTE AWANO
    Tomatoes (Solanun lycopersicum) are one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Ethiopia. Tomato yields in smallholder cropping systems are below the potential of the crop, due to pests and diseases. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum and compost and biochar amendments on tomato biomass, fruit yield and control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici pathogen under Hawassa University greenhouse. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized soils, arranged in a fourteen treatments including the control. A completely randomized design was used and growth measurements and disease severity assessment were taken after 15, 30, and 45 days of transplantation for all growth parameters including fruit yield and effect of the pathogen were measured. During early days of growth for treatments AMF+Fusarium and AMF+Trichoderam was recorded the highest height, leaf area and stem collar diameter for Galilea variety and variable values for ROMA V.F.N variety. When compared to plants treated with F.oxysporum f.sp.l alone and control, improvement in the various growth parameters was recorded in the plants treated with AMF, T. harzianum, biochar, and compost sole and combined. Better fruit yield and pathogen resistance was recorded for Roma variety. In addition to growth parameters all AMF inoculated treatments demonstrated root colonization, and sporulated. Nutrient uptake was enhanced in all treatments except for sole Fusarium and control treatments. Mycorrhizal dependency was better for sole AMF inoculation treatment in both varieties. Disease severity was lower in ROMA variety while Galilea variety was found to be more susceptible to Fusarium pathogen. Accordingly, significant fruit loss was recorded for Galilea variety. AMF and Trichoderma inoculation and application of biochar and compost has improved performance of the two tomato varieties. In addition, it was recorded that ROMA variety is much more resistant to Fusarium pathogen as inoculated with the two bio inoculants, which indicates that different varieties show different resistance to Fusarium pathogen. Therefore, when growing tomato it is recommended to select the appropriate bio pesticides like that of AMF and T. harzianum and appropriate variety of tomatoes. Finally, as this study focused on only two tomato varieties and two bio-inoculants, wide coverage of other bacterial and fungal inoculants production and application in the small holder farms is also recommended.