College of Natural and Computational Sciences
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://etd.hu.edu.et/handle/123456789/89
The College of Natural and Computational Sciences advances education, research, and innovation
in natural sciences, mathematics, statistics, and computational disciplines.
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Item A Laboratory Course in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Gérrard Eddy Jai PoinernItem Modern industrial microbiology and bitechnology(USA, 2007) Nduka OkaforItem UPSTREAM INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY(United States of America, 2013) MICHAEL C. FLICKINGERItem Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology(Wiley-VCH, 2002) Heinrich KlefenzItem Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology(Taylor & Francis, 2012) E.M.T. El-Mansi • C.F.A. Bryce •; B. Dahhou S. Sanchez •; A.L. Demain • A.R. AllmanItem SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND PUBLIC AWARENESS TOWARDS BRUCELLOSIS IN TWO DISTRICTS OF WEST GUJI ZONE, SOUTHERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) MIESSA BANATA DERESSOBrucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic illnesses in the world. A close human-animal contact and tradition of raw animal product consumption make zoonosis among the major public health hazards, with particular implication to pastoral area such as Wet Guji zone. Lack of sufficient awareness regarding the disease in the area is another considerable issue. A cross sectional study was conducted with the objectives of estimating seroprevalence of small ruminants’ brucellosis, assessing associated risk factors and understanding the community awareness towards the disease. Systematic sampling methods were used to select the study animals. Accordingly, 324 small ruminants (132 sheep and 192 goats) and 52 human sera samples were collected. These samples were first screened by Rose Bengal plate taste (RBPT) and then positive ones were finally confirmed by I-ELISA. Out of which 34 small ruminants and 13 human samples were positive using RBPT of these 23 ruminants and 10 human samples were confirmed using I-ELISA. An overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 7.1% and 19.2% in small ruminants and humans respectively. Univariable logistic regression showed that risk factors such as the sex, abortion history, age group, flock size, management, BCS, and parity were significantly associated (p<0.05) with increased seropositivity in small ruminants. Whereas in multi variables logistic regression age group, abortion history, flock size, BCS and parity showed significant difference. Adult age, animal with abortion history, large flock size, poor body condition and multiparous animals were more likely infected than their respective counterparts. Seroprevalence in humans was high in adult, females and those with problem of sanitation. So, these results provided evidence of the importance of brucellosis in humans and small ruminants in the study area. Overall, the existence of brucellosis, the community's daily practice of uncontrolled movement of animals, and the livelihood nature of pastoralists suggest the need for public health education on the zoonotic importance of brucellosis continuously in the study area.Item BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS AND HUMAN TAENIOSIS: PREVALENCE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND COMMUNITY AWARNESS IN AND AROUND HALABA KULITO TOWN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGIONAL STATE(HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) OMER IDRIS HABIBbovine cysticercosis is the infection of the cattle intermediate host with the metacestode (larval stage) residing in the muscle while taeniosis is the infection of the human ultimate host with the adult tapeworm which develops in the intestinal lumen. This study aimed to estimate prevalence, public health and economic importance and community awarness in and around halaba kulito town, Central Ethiopia Regional State. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted from January to june 2023 on cattle slaughtered at Halaba Kulito municipal abattoir. Retrospective surveys of patients’ demographic data and the results of five years of stool examination were also collected from the diagnostic laboratory record book at Halaba Kulito General Hospital and Health Center. Questionnaire surveys were also used for assessing community awareness of knowledge, attitude, and practice, exposure risk factors, and treatment trends. A retrospective five-year inventory of pharmaceutical drug shops was also assessed. Out of 439 cattle examined, 21(4.8%) were found to be infected with various numbers of Cysticercus bovis in different organs. The prevalence of Cysticercus bovis was significantly associated with age categories (χ2=7.12 p<0.05) while other factors namely (origin, sex, breed and body conditions) did not show an association as predictors. Out of 21 infected cattle, the highest proportion of the Cysticercus bovis cysts were observed in the tongue 7(33.3%), followed by heart 5(23.8%), masseter muscles 3(14.3%), liver 3(14.3%), shoulder 2(9.5%) and lung 1(4.8%). A retrospective data of 40,993 stool examined patients in the five years, 112(0.27%) were found positive for Taenia saginata eggs. Moreover, out of 100 voluntarily interviewed respondents in and surrounding Halaba Kulito town, 64 (64%) had been infected by tapeworm. Data on drug utilization obtained from pharmaceutical shops revealed a total dose of 379,707 taenicidal drugs with a total cost of 2,823,766.5 ETB or (48,685.5 USD) was estimated on average within five years for the treatment of taeniasis in the study area. The results of the present study show that cysticercosis/taeniosis are important both in economic and public health aspects which need great attention. Therefore integrated community-based control and prevention strategies including creating awerness for the society to use latrine, avoid consumption of raw meat, and provide strict meat inspection services are highly recommended.Item ISOLATION, MOLECULAR DETECTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SALMONELLA FROM COW MILK AND BEEF IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF SIDAMA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA(HAWASSA UNIVERSTY, 2023-10) TARIKU GEINORO ALLEYOSalmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne diseases and frequently reported for exacerbating increase of multi-drug resistance worldwide. Unhygienic practices throughout food chain and cultural habits of raw animal products contributed for the expansion of the infection and increment in antimicrobial resistance especially in developing world like Ethiopia. A cross- sectional type of study was conducted from December, 2022 to June, 2023. The study was aimed with isolation, molecular detection and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella from cow milk and beef in Hawassa, Yirgalem and Wondo Genet districts of Sidama Regional State. A total of 216 samples of which 152 milk and 64 beef samples were collected with purposive and simple random sampling methods for isolation and biochemical identification of Salmonella. Positive isolates obtained from bacteriological and biochemical tests were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, the isolate’s antimicrobial susceptibility profile was tested by using disk diffusion method for twelve selected antimicrobials. SPSS windows version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Fisher’s exact test was the measure of association of isolates with different attributes. Bacteriological and biochemical detection tests revealed that 6.5% (N=14/216) Salmonella was isolated from the total sample. However, in molecular detection, only 9 of the 14 isolates were confirmed to be Salmonella using PCR test, which was 4.17% of the total. The proportion was 5.38%, 3.23%, and 2.38% in Hawassa, Yirgalem and Wondo Genet districts, respectively. There was no significant variation in prevalence among the districts and between sample types milk (3.9%) and beef (4.7%) (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant (p > 0.05) variation was observed in the Salmonella isolation rate among retailers (4.84%), households (5.56%) and farms (1.85%) as well as between yoghurt (6.45%) and raw (3.31%) milk. The result of the antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that Salmonella isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin and cephalothin while they were above 50% sensitive to ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was demonstrated in all isolates. Overall, this study showed that Salmonella was prevalent in cow milk and beef produced and consumed; and developed MDR which may pose public health concern in the study area. Thus, subsequent regular investigations on serotypes, AMR genes and risk factors as well as rational use of antimicrobials is necessary.